Gælden, gaven og geden: Om skyldnere og humanitær økonomi

Forfattere

  • Devika Sharma Københavns Universitet

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7146/kok.v46i125.105558

Nøgleord:

Gæld, gaver, humanitarisme, tredjemandsgaver, Maurizio Lazzarato, Ananya Roy,

Resumé

This article centers on the complex relationship between debt and gifts – or, more to the point, between the neoliberal economy of debt as diagnosed by Maurizio Lazzarato, among others, and humanitarian subjectivity; Between debt government and humanitarian government. Drawing on the work of Ananya Roy and looking to objects of debt/humanitarian relief such as Greece and Haiti, I suggest that what Lazzarato terms ‘indebted man’ today co-exists in hitherto unexamined ways with ‘humanitarian man’, and that these two forms of subjectivity in fact share dispositions of guilt and shame. In order to further examine the guilty or ‘indebted’ disposition of everyday humanitarians I then continue to discuss a particular humanitarian product, namely the ‘charity goat’ and other third-party gifts. Here I draw in particular on Lilie Chouliaraki’s notion of post-humanitarianism in order to suggest that third-party charitable giving gives cultural form to the experience of indebtedness of the humanitarian gift-giver. This experience is, I finally suggest, part of a broader Scandinavian, but not exclusively Scandinavian, predicament of privilege.

Forfatterbiografi

Devika Sharma, Københavns Universitet

Lektor
Institut for Kunst- og Kulturvidenskab

Referencer

Barnett, Michael. Empire of Humanity: A History of Humanitarianism. Ithaca og London: Cornell University Press, 2011.

Bender, Thomas (Red.). The Antislavery Debate: Capitalism and Abolitionism as a Problem in Historical Interpretation. Berkeley, Los Angeles og London: University of California Press, 1992.

Bourdieu, Pierre. Den praktiske sans. København: Hans Reitzel, 2007 [1980].

Bourdieu, Pierre. ”Marginalia—Some Additional Notes on the Gift”. The Logic of the Gift: Toward an Ethic of Generosity. Red. Alan Schrift. New York og London: Routledge, 1997. 231-241.

Calhoun, Craig. ”The Idea of Emergency: Humanitarian Action and Global (Dis)Order”. Contemporary States of Emergency: The Politics of Military and Humanitarian Intervention. Red. Didier Fassin og Mariella Pandolfi. New York: Zone Books, 2010.

Cabot, Heath. “’Contagious’ Solidarity: Reconfiguring Care and Citizenship in Greece’s Social Clinics”. Social Anthropology 24 (2016): 152-166.

Cabot, Heath. On the Doorstep of Europe: Asylum and Citizenship in Greece. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2014.

Chouliaraki, Lilie. The Ironic Spectator: Solidarity in the Age of Post-Humanitarianism. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2013.

Fassin, Didier. Humanitarian Reason: A Moral History of the Present. Berkeley og Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2012.

Hunt, Lynn. Inventing Human Rights: A History. New York og London: W.W. Norton & Co., 2007.

Lazzarato, Maurizio. The Making of the Indebted Man: An Essay on the Neoliberal Condition. Engelsk oversættelse ved Joshua David Jordan. Amsterdam: Semiotexte, 2012.

Lazzarato, Maurizio. Governing by Debt. Engelsk oversættelse ved Joshua David Jordan. Amsterdam: Semiotexte, 2015.

Mauss, Marcel. The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societies. Engelsk oversættelse ved Ian Cunnison. Mansfield: Martino Publishing, 2011 [1954/1925].

Redfield, Peter. ”Bioexpectations: Life Technologies as Humanitarian Goods”. Public Culture 24 (2012): 157-184.

Roy, Ananya. Poverty Capital. Microfinance and the Making of Development. New York og London: Routledge, 2010.

Schrift, Alan D. The Logic of the Gift: Toward an Ethic of Generosity. New York og London: Routledge, 1997.

Sharma, Devika. ”Doing Good, Feeling Bad: Humanitarian Emotion in Crisis”. Journal of Aesthetics & Culture 9/1 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1080/20004214.2017.1370357

Sharma, Devika. ”Hvem vil vi være? ‘Africa for Norway’ og den humanitære relation”. K&K 119 (2015): 35-54.

Sharma, Devika. ”The Predicament of Spectatorship: Renzo Martens and the Humanitarian Image”. Discursive Framings of Human Rights: Negotiating agency and victimhood. Red. Karen-Margrethe Simonsen og Jonas R. Kjærgård. Abingdon og New York: Birkbeck Law Press, 2016.

Sliwinsky, Sharon. ”The Childhood of Human Rights: The Kodak on the Congo”. Journal of Visual Culture 5/3 (2006): 333–363.

Thorup, Mikkel. Du skylder! Om moralsk og økonomisk gæld. Aarhus: Klim, 2016.

Thorup, Mikkel. Pro Bono? Winchester og Washington: Zero Books, 2015.

Downloads

Publiceret

2018-05-15

Citation/Eksport

Sharma, D. (2018). Gælden, gaven og geden: Om skyldnere og humanitær økonomi. K&K - Kultur Og Klasse, 46(125), 219–242. https://doi.org/10.7146/kok.v46i125.105558