Hvorfor ikke sammenligne?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/kok.v47i127.114742Nøgleord:
komparatisme;samstilling;sidestilling;collage;kontrapunktisk;relationel;komparation;sammenligningResumé
This article gives a critical overview over risks inherent in comparison, –risks of inequality between the two compared phenomena, the risk of using a normative standard, derived from one work or context for the evaluation of another work or another context, the risk of reducing the uniqueness of a work to generic or topical dimensions etc. However, the article moves on to make a strong argument for the necessity of comparison. It suggests the development of a more dynamic, dialectic and relational form of comparison. The article argues that any comparison is full of contradictory movements and therefore argues that a modern comparative method should focus on incommensurable juxtapositions, on contrapuntal opposition and reciprocity.
Referencer
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Balakian, Anna. ”Theorizing Comparison: The Pyramid of Similitude and Difference”. World Literature Today 69 2 (1995): 263-67.
Bernheimer, Charles. Comparative Literature in the Age of Multiculturalism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1995.
Borofsky, Robert (red.). Assessing Cultural Anthropology. New York: McGraw, 1994.
Brettell, Caroline B. ”Anthropology, Migration, and Comparative Consciousness.” Comparison – Theories, Approaches, Uses. Red. Rita Felski og Susan Stanford Friedman. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013. 292-314.
Césaire, Aimé. ”Cahier d’un retour au pays natal”, 1939. The Collected Poetry. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1982. 34-85.
Cha, Theresa Hak Kyung. Dictée, 1982. Berkeley, CA: Third World Women, 1995.
Cheah, Pheng. ”The Material World of Comparison”. Comparison – Theories, Approaches, Uses. Red. Rita Felski og Susan Stanford Friedman. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
Chow, Rey. ”The Old/New Question of Comparison in Literary Studies: A Post-European Perspective”. ELH 71 2 (2004): 289-311.
Clifford, James. ”Traveling Cultures”. Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1997. 17-46.
Culler, Jonathan. ”Comparability”. World Literature Today 69 2 (1995): 268-70.
Culler, Jonathan og Pheng Cheah (red.). Grounds of Comparison: Around the Work of Benedict Anderson. London: Routledge, 2003.
Daly, Mary. Gyn/Ecology: The Meta-ethics of Radical Feminism. Boston: Beacon, 1978.
Damrosch, David. ”Comparative Literature?”. PMLA 118 2 (2003): 326-30.
Djelal Kadir. ”Special Issue on Comparative Literature and Globalization”. Comparative Literature Studies 41 1 (2004): 1-184.
Felski, Rita og Susan Stanford Friedman (red.). Comparison – Theories, Approaches, Uses. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
Friedman, Susan Stanford. ”Wartime Cosmopolitanism: Cosmofeminism and Virginia Woolf’s Three Guineas and Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis”. Tulsa Studies in Women’s Literature 31 1 (Spring 2012): 23-52.
Friedman, Susan Stanford. ”Towards a Transnational Turn in Narrative Theory: Literary Narratives, Traveling Tropes, and the Case of Virginia Woolf and the Tagores”. Narrative 19 1 (2011): 1-32.
Friedman, Susan Stanford. ”Theory”. Modernism and Theory: A Critical Debate. Red. Stephen Ross. London: Routledge, 2009. 237-46.
Friedman, Susan Stanford. ”Paranoia, Pollution, and Sexuality: Affiliations between E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India and Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things”. Geomodernisms: ”Race,” Modernism, Modernity. Red. Laura Doyle og Laura Winkiel. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 2005. 245-61.
Friedman, Susan Stanford. ”Modernism in a Transnational Landscape: Spatial Poetics, Postcolonialism, and Gender in Césaire’s Cahier/Notebook and Cha’s Dictée”. Paideuma 32 1-3 (2003): 39-74.
Geertz, Clifford. Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretative Anthropology. New York: Basic, 1985.
Gentner, Dedre, Keith J. Holyoak og Boicho N. Kokinov (red.). The An1alogical Mind: Perspectives from Cognitive Psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001.
Handler, Richard. ”Uses of Incommensurability in Anthropology”. Comparison – Theories, Approaches, Uses. Red. Rita Felski og Susan Stanford Friedman. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
Harootunian, Harry. ”Some Thoughts on Comparability and the Space-Time Problem”. boundary 2 32 (Summer 2005): 23-52.
Harootunian, Harry og Hyun Ok Park (red.). ”Special Issue on Problems of Comparability/Possibilities for Comparative Studies”. boundary 2 32 (Summer 2005): 1-251.
H.D. Collected Poems of H. D. New York: New Directions, 1983.
Isstaif, Abdul Nabi. ”Beyond the Notion of Influence: Notes toward an Alternative”. World Literature Today 69 2 (1995): 281-87.
Kadir, Djelal. ”Comparative Literature Hinternational”. Comparative Literature Studies 41 1 (2004): 245-48.
Koelb, Clayton og Susan Noakes (red.). Comparative Practice on Literature: Approaches to Theory and Practice. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press, 1988.
Layoun, Mary N. ”Endings and Beginnings: Reimagining the Tasks and Spaces of Comparison”. Comparison – Theories, Approaches, Uses. Red. Rita Felski og Susan Stanford Friedman. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
Melas, Natalie. All the Difference in the World: Postcolonialty and the Ends of Comparison. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2007.
Melas, Natalie. ”Versions of Incommensurability”. World Literature Today 69 2 (1995): 2275-2280.
Mohan, Chandra (red.). Aspects of Comparative Literature: Current Approaches. New Delhi: India Publishers and Distributors, 1989.
Nader, Laura. ”Comparative Consciousness”. Assessing Cultural Anthropology. Red. Robert Borofsky. New York: McGraw, 1994. 84-96.
Osborne, Peter. ”On Comparability: Kant and the Possibility of Comparative Studies”. boundary 2 32 (Summer 2005): 3-22.
Radhakrisnan, R. ”Why Compare?” New Literary History 40 3 (2009): 453-675.
Radhakrisnan, R. Theory in an Uneven World. Oxford: Blackwell, 2003. 72-81.
Reinhard, Kenneth. ”Kant with Sade, Lacan with Levinas”. MLN 110 4 (1995): 785-808.
Richards, I. A. Principles of Literary Criticism. London: Kegan, 1924.
Pound, Ezra. Digte og cantos. Oversat af Jørgen Sonne. København: Gyldendal, 1968.
Pratt, Mary Louise. ”Comparative Literature and Global Citizenship”. Red. Charles Bernheimer, Comparative Literature in the Age of Multiculturalism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1997, 58-65.
Propp, Vlademir. Morphology of the Folktale, 1928. Bloomington: Indiana Research Center, 1958.
Said, Edward W. ”Traveling Theory”. The World, the Text, and the Critic. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1983. 226-47.
Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood, 2000. New York: Pantheon, 2003.
Saussy, Haun. ”Comparative Literature?”. PMLA 118 2 (2003): 336-41.
Saussy, Haun. Comparative Literature in an Age of Globalization. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2006.
Shih, Shu-mei. ”Comaparative Racialization: An Introduction”. PMLA 123 5 (2005): 1347-1362.
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. ”Rethinking Comparison”. Comparison – Theories, Approaches, Uses. Red. Rita Felski og Susan Stanford Friedman. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. Death of a Discipline. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2003.
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. ”Theories and Methodologies: Comparative Literature”. PMLA 118 2 (2003): 326-41.
Stoler, Ann Laura. ”Tense and Tender Ties: The Politics of Comparison in North American History and (Post)Colonial Studies”. Journal of American History 88 3 (2001): 829-65.
Suls Jerry, og Ladd Wheeler (red.). Handbook of Social Comparison: Theory and Research. New York: Plenum, 2000.
Tsing, Anna L. Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2005.
Woolf, Virginia. Three Guineas, 1938. New York: Harcourt, 2006.
Yengoyan, Aram A. (red.). Modes of Comparison: Theory and Practice, Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 2006.
Balakian, Anna. ”Theorizing Comparison: The Pyramid of Similitude and Difference”. World Literature Today 69 2 (1995): 263-67.
Bernheimer, Charles. Comparative Literature in the Age of Multiculturalism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1995.
Borofsky, Robert (red.). Assessing Cultural Anthropology. New York: McGraw, 1994.
Brettell, Caroline B. ”Anthropology, Migration, and Comparative Consciousness.” Comparison – Theories, Approaches, Uses. Red. Rita Felski og Susan Stanford Friedman. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013. 292-314.
Césaire, Aimé. ”Cahier d’un retour au pays natal”, 1939. The Collected Poetry. Berkeley: Univ. of California Press, 1982. 34-85.
Cha, Theresa Hak Kyung. Dictée, 1982. Berkeley, CA: Third World Women, 1995.
Cheah, Pheng. ”The Material World of Comparison”. Comparison – Theories, Approaches, Uses. Red. Rita Felski og Susan Stanford Friedman. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
Chow, Rey. ”The Old/New Question of Comparison in Literary Studies: A Post-European Perspective”. ELH 71 2 (2004): 289-311.
Clifford, James. ”Traveling Cultures”. Routes: Travel and Translation in the Late Twentieth Century. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1997. 17-46.
Culler, Jonathan. ”Comparability”. World Literature Today 69 2 (1995): 268-70.
Culler, Jonathan og Pheng Cheah (red.). Grounds of Comparison: Around the Work of Benedict Anderson. London: Routledge, 2003.
Daly, Mary. Gyn/Ecology: The Meta-ethics of Radical Feminism. Boston: Beacon, 1978.
Damrosch, David. ”Comparative Literature?”. PMLA 118 2 (2003): 326-30.
Djelal Kadir. ”Special Issue on Comparative Literature and Globalization”. Comparative Literature Studies 41 1 (2004): 1-184.
Felski, Rita og Susan Stanford Friedman (red.). Comparison – Theories, Approaches, Uses. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
Friedman, Susan Stanford. ”Wartime Cosmopolitanism: Cosmofeminism and Virginia Woolf’s Three Guineas and Marjane Satrapi’s Persepolis”. Tulsa Studies in Women’s Literature 31 1 (Spring 2012): 23-52.
Friedman, Susan Stanford. ”Towards a Transnational Turn in Narrative Theory: Literary Narratives, Traveling Tropes, and the Case of Virginia Woolf and the Tagores”. Narrative 19 1 (2011): 1-32.
Friedman, Susan Stanford. ”Theory”. Modernism and Theory: A Critical Debate. Red. Stephen Ross. London: Routledge, 2009. 237-46.
Friedman, Susan Stanford. ”Paranoia, Pollution, and Sexuality: Affiliations between E. M. Forster’s A Passage to India and Arundhati Roy’s The God of Small Things”. Geomodernisms: ”Race,” Modernism, Modernity. Red. Laura Doyle og Laura Winkiel. Bloomington: Indiana Univ. Press, 2005. 245-61.
Friedman, Susan Stanford. ”Modernism in a Transnational Landscape: Spatial Poetics, Postcolonialism, and Gender in Césaire’s Cahier/Notebook and Cha’s Dictée”. Paideuma 32 1-3 (2003): 39-74.
Geertz, Clifford. Local Knowledge: Further Essays in Interpretative Anthropology. New York: Basic, 1985.
Gentner, Dedre, Keith J. Holyoak og Boicho N. Kokinov (red.). The An1alogical Mind: Perspectives from Cognitive Psychology. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2001.
Handler, Richard. ”Uses of Incommensurability in Anthropology”. Comparison – Theories, Approaches, Uses. Red. Rita Felski og Susan Stanford Friedman. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
Harootunian, Harry. ”Some Thoughts on Comparability and the Space-Time Problem”. boundary 2 32 (Summer 2005): 23-52.
Harootunian, Harry og Hyun Ok Park (red.). ”Special Issue on Problems of Comparability/Possibilities for Comparative Studies”. boundary 2 32 (Summer 2005): 1-251.
H.D. Collected Poems of H. D. New York: New Directions, 1983.
Isstaif, Abdul Nabi. ”Beyond the Notion of Influence: Notes toward an Alternative”. World Literature Today 69 2 (1995): 281-87.
Kadir, Djelal. ”Comparative Literature Hinternational”. Comparative Literature Studies 41 1 (2004): 245-48.
Koelb, Clayton og Susan Noakes (red.). Comparative Practice on Literature: Approaches to Theory and Practice. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Univ. Press, 1988.
Layoun, Mary N. ”Endings and Beginnings: Reimagining the Tasks and Spaces of Comparison”. Comparison – Theories, Approaches, Uses. Red. Rita Felski og Susan Stanford Friedman. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
Melas, Natalie. All the Difference in the World: Postcolonialty and the Ends of Comparison. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2007.
Melas, Natalie. ”Versions of Incommensurability”. World Literature Today 69 2 (1995): 2275-2280.
Mohan, Chandra (red.). Aspects of Comparative Literature: Current Approaches. New Delhi: India Publishers and Distributors, 1989.
Nader, Laura. ”Comparative Consciousness”. Assessing Cultural Anthropology. Red. Robert Borofsky. New York: McGraw, 1994. 84-96.
Osborne, Peter. ”On Comparability: Kant and the Possibility of Comparative Studies”. boundary 2 32 (Summer 2005): 3-22.
Radhakrisnan, R. ”Why Compare?” New Literary History 40 3 (2009): 453-675.
Radhakrisnan, R. Theory in an Uneven World. Oxford: Blackwell, 2003. 72-81.
Reinhard, Kenneth. ”Kant with Sade, Lacan with Levinas”. MLN 110 4 (1995): 785-808.
Richards, I. A. Principles of Literary Criticism. London: Kegan, 1924.
Pound, Ezra. Digte og cantos. Oversat af Jørgen Sonne. København: Gyldendal, 1968.
Pratt, Mary Louise. ”Comparative Literature and Global Citizenship”. Red. Charles Bernheimer, Comparative Literature in the Age of Multiculturalism. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1997, 58-65.
Propp, Vlademir. Morphology of the Folktale, 1928. Bloomington: Indiana Research Center, 1958.
Said, Edward W. ”Traveling Theory”. The World, the Text, and the Critic. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univ. Press, 1983. 226-47.
Satrapi, Marjane. Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood, 2000. New York: Pantheon, 2003.
Saussy, Haun. ”Comparative Literature?”. PMLA 118 2 (2003): 336-41.
Saussy, Haun. Comparative Literature in an Age of Globalization. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2006.
Shih, Shu-mei. ”Comaparative Racialization: An Introduction”. PMLA 123 5 (2005): 1347-1362.
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. ”Rethinking Comparison”. Comparison – Theories, Approaches, Uses. Red. Rita Felski og Susan Stanford Friedman. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2013.
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. Death of a Discipline. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2003.
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty. ”Theories and Methodologies: Comparative Literature”. PMLA 118 2 (2003): 326-41.
Stoler, Ann Laura. ”Tense and Tender Ties: The Politics of Comparison in North American History and (Post)Colonial Studies”. Journal of American History 88 3 (2001): 829-65.
Suls Jerry, og Ladd Wheeler (red.). Handbook of Social Comparison: Theory and Research. New York: Plenum, 2000.
Tsing, Anna L. Friction: An Ethnography of Global Connection. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 2005.
Woolf, Virginia. Three Guineas, 1938. New York: Harcourt, 2006.
Yengoyan, Aram A. (red.). Modes of Comparison: Theory and Practice, Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan Press, 2006.
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2019-06-11
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Friedman, S. S. (2019). Hvorfor ikke sammenligne?. K&K - Kultur Og Klasse, 47(127), 11–28. https://doi.org/10.7146/kok.v47i127.114742
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