Parentesen om det højre-reaktionære
Affolkningen møder flygtningestrømmen i det prekære liv
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/kok.v46i126.111741Nøgleord:
prekaritet; Lauren Berlant; commons; udkantsområder; infrastruktur; flygtningskriseResumé
The new right in Europe is often associated with precarious life. But in this article, I show that cultural representations of Danish remote areas during the refugee crisis in 2015 and 2016 significantly complicates the relationship between rightist politics, precarity, and the stranger. With Lauren Berlant, I argue that the encounter between refugees and locals outside the city can be seen as an exemplary instance of the commons: a socially ambivalent situation of precarity where the refugee crisis is also transformed into a new kind of infrastructure. First, the article reviews precarity and the commons in contemporary theory. Second, the precarity of remoteness is in the feelings of abandonment, so while arriving refugees were cast in national media as the embodiment of crisis, I show that they were at the same time represented as a new opportunity for the remote area in Denmark. Lastly, I exemplify how the refugee crisis can also become an infrastructure for the literary imagination about remoteness, particularly in Nancy, Dennis Gade Kofods dystopic novel about the Danish island of Bornholm.
Referencer
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Bardan, Alice. ”The New European Cinema of Precarity”. Work in Cinema: Labor and the Human Condition. Red. Ewa Mazierska. London: Palgrave, 2013. 69-90.
Berlant, Lauren. ”Slow Death (Sovereignty, Obesity, Lateral Agency)”. Critical Inquiry 33 4 (2007): 754-780.
Berlant, Lauren. ”Austerity, Precarity, Akwardness”. Tilgængelig på https://supervalentthought.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/berlant-aaa-2011final.pdf, 2011.
Berlant, Lauren. Cruel Optimism. Durham: Duke University Press, 2011.
Berlant, Lauren. ”The Commons: Infrastructures for Troubling Times”. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 34 3 (2016): 393-419.
Bernasconi, R. ”On Deconstructing Nostalgia for Community within the West: The Debate between Nancy and Blanchot”. Research in Phenomenology 23, 1993: 3-21.
Bistis, G. ”Golden Dawn or Democratic Sunset: The Rise of the Far Right in Greece”. Mediterranean Quarterly 23 3 (2013): 33-55.
Bjørnager, Jens Anton og Ditte Faber. ”Gult Danmark giver byboere røde ører”. Berlingske Tidende 22 juni, 2015.
Bolt, Mikkel og Jacob Weinreich Lund. Fællesskabsfølelser: Kunst, Politik, Filosofi. Aarhus: Klim, 2009.
Botha, Marc. ”Precarious Present, Fragile Futures: Literature and Uncertainty in the Early Twenty-First Century”. English Academy Review: A Journal of English Studies 32 2 (2014): 1-19.
Bourdieu, Pierre. Travail et travailleurs en Algérie. Paris: Mouton, 1963.
Bourdieu, Pierre. Acts of Resistance: Against the tyranny of the market. New York: The New Press, 1998.
Butler, Judith. Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. New York: Verso, 2014.
Butler, Judith. ”Precarious Life, Vulnerability, and the Ethics of Cohabitation”. Journal of Speculative Philosophy 26 2 (2012): 134-152.
Carastathis, Anna. ”The Politics of Austerity and the Affective Economy of Hostility: Racialized Gendered Violence and Crises of Belonging in Greece”. Feminist Review 109 1 (2015): 73-95.
Casas-Cortés, Maribel. ”A Genealogy of Precarity: A Toolbox for Rearticulating Fragmented Social Realities in and out of the Workplace”. Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture & Society 26 2 (2014): 206-226.
Deleuze, Gilles og Félix Guattari. Tusind Plateauer: Kapitalisme og skizofreni. København: Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademis Billedkunstskoler, 2005.
Ellinas, Antonis. ”The Rise of Golden Dawn: The New Face of the Far Right in Greece”. South European Society and Politics 18 4 (2013): 543-565.
Elliott, Brian. ”Theories of Community in Habermas, Nancy and Agamben: A Critical Evaluation”. Philosophy Compass 4 6 (2009): 893-903.
Eskildsen, Stine og Josephine Fogsgaard. ”Soldiers of Odin: Derfor har vi startet gruppen.” Ekstra Bladet 19 marts, 2016.
Ettlinger, Nancy. ”Precarity unbound”. Alternatives 32 (2007): 319-340.
Füchsel, Hanne og Kirstine Dalsgaard Nielsen. ”Oprøret er for alvor brudt ud. Fyns Amtsavis 3. februar 2016.
Grønkjær, Louise. ”Asylansøgere giver nyt liv til Langeland”. Dagbladet Information 15. januar 2016.
Hardt, Michael og Antonio Negri. Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000.
Hardt, Michael og Antonio Negri. Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire. London: Penguin, 2004.
Hardt, Michael og Antonio Negri. Commonwealth. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009.
Hardt, Michael og Antonio Negri. ”The Fight for ’Real Democracy’ at the Heart of Occupy Wall Street.” Foreign Affairs 13 oktober 2011.
Harvey, David. ”The Future of the Commons”. Radical History Review 109 (2011): 101-107.
Heidegger, Martin. Væren og tid. Aarhus: Forlaget Klim, 2007.
Hjort, Anders. ”Forfatter: DF’s valgsejr er Udkantsdanmarks protest mod hovedstadseliten.” Politiken 22. juni 2015.
Jørgensen, Erik. ”Intern asylstrid får DF-formand til at gå.” Fyns Amtsavis 18. december 2015.
Kestler, Amalie. ”Debat: Oprør fra udkanten vil skabe liv på landet.” Politiken 8. november 2014.
Kofod, Dennis Gade. Nancy. København: Rosinante, 2016.
Korte, Barbara og Frédéric Regard. Narrating Poverty and Precarity in Britain. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014
Larsen, B.R, Whyte, Z. og Olwig, K.F. ”Den Nye Landbefolkning.” Forskningsrapport. Institut for Antropologi: Københavns Universitet, 2015.
Loong, S og Woon, Y.C. ”The Precarious Geopolitics of Urban Encounters in Jonathan Safran Foer’s Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close”. Geografiske Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 99 1 (2017): 1-19
Madsen, Bine. ”Vi vil så gerne, at I bliver lidt længere.” Jydske Vestkysten 16. juli 2016.
Millar, Kathleen M. ”The Precarious Present: Wageless Labor and Disrupted Life in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.” Cultural Anthropology 29 1 (2014): 32-53.
Millar, Kathleen M. ”Toward a critical politics of precarity”. Sociology Compass 11 6 (2017): 1-11.
Munck, R. ”The precariat: A view from the South”. Third World Quarterly 34 5 (2013): 747-762.
Nail, T. ”Deleuze, Occupy, and the Actuality of Revolution.” Theory and Event 16 1 (2013).
Nancy, Jean-Luc. Being Singular Plural. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000.
Negri, A. ”The Labor of the Multitude and the Fabric of Biopolitics”. Mediations 23 2 (2008): 8-25.
Neilson, B og Rossiter, N. ”Precarity as a Political Concept, or, Fordism as Exception”. Theory, Culture & Society 25 7-8 (2008): 51-72.
Nielsen, H.P. og Christensen, S. ”Udkantsdanmark: Avisernes (med)produktion af Nordjyllands territorielle stigma”. Praktiske Grunde 3 (2013): 5-20.
Pedersen, Poul Aarøe. ”Anm: Oprøret ulmer i Udkantsdanmark”. Politiken 27. marts, 2015.
Pedersen, Mette S. et al. ”På Ærø vil vi gerne beholde vores asyldrenge”. Dagbladet Information 23. december, 2016
Platzer, D. og Allison, A. ”Academic Precarity in American Anthropology.” Cultural Anthropology website, February 12. 2018. https://culanth.org/fieldsights/1310-academic-precarity-in-american-anthropology.
Puar, J. ”Precarity Talk: A Virtual Roundtable with Lauren Berlant, Judith Butler, Bojana Cveji´c, Isabell Lorey, Jasbir Puar, and Ana Vujanovi´c”. TDR/The Drama Review 56 4 (2013): 163-177.
Reimer, Johannes og Emma Lichscheidt. ”Samsø-borgmester er ked af at miste asylcenter.” Danmarks Radio 13. september 2016.
Simmel, Georg. ”The Stranger”. Georg Simmel on Individuality and Social Forms. Red. Donald N. Levine. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1971.
Slumstrup, Finn. ”Udkanten er mulighedernes land”, Altinget 30. oktober 2014.
Standing, Guy: The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class. London: The Bloomsbury Academic, 2011.
Standing, Guy. ”The Precariat and Class Struggle”. RCCS Annual Review 7 7 (2015): 3-16.
Standing, Guy. ”The Precariat Dilemma”. Changing Work: Progressive Ideas for The Modern World of Work, redigeret af Yvette Cooper. London: Fabian Society, 2016.
Strauss, Kendra and Siobhám McGrath. ”Temporary Migration, precarious employment and unfree labour relations: Exploring the ’continuum of exploitation’ in Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Progream”. Geoforum 78 (2017): 199-208.
Sørensen, Jørn. ”Asylansøgere får økuller på Samsø.” Danmarks Radio 21. januar 2015.
Teeuwen, R. ”’The Dream of a Minimal Sociality’: Roland Barthes’ Skeptic Intensity”. Theory, Culture & Society 0 0 (2016): 1-16.
Tsing, Anna. The Mushroom at the end of the world: On the possibility of life in capitalist ruins. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015.
Williams, Raymond. Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.
Williams, Raymond. Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.
Williams, Raymond. ”Følelsesstrukturer.” Kultur og Klasse 116 11 (2013): 11-16.
Virno, Paolo. A Grammar of the Multitude. New York: Semiotext(e), 2004.
Žižek, Slavoj. In Defense of Lost Causes. New York: Verso, 2008.
Aranas, I. ”Assembling the Multitude: Material Geographies of Social Movements Oaxaca to Occupy”. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 32 3 (2014): 433-449
Barbier, J. ”A survey of the use of the term précarité in French economics and sociology.” Document de travail 19 (2002). Noisy-le-Grand: Centre d’Etudes de l’Emploi.
Bardan, Alice. ”The New European Cinema of Precarity”. Work in Cinema: Labor and the Human Condition. Red. Ewa Mazierska. London: Palgrave, 2013. 69-90.
Berlant, Lauren. ”Slow Death (Sovereignty, Obesity, Lateral Agency)”. Critical Inquiry 33 4 (2007): 754-780.
Berlant, Lauren. ”Austerity, Precarity, Akwardness”. Tilgængelig på https://supervalentthought.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/berlant-aaa-2011final.pdf, 2011.
Berlant, Lauren. Cruel Optimism. Durham: Duke University Press, 2011.
Berlant, Lauren. ”The Commons: Infrastructures for Troubling Times”. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 34 3 (2016): 393-419.
Bernasconi, R. ”On Deconstructing Nostalgia for Community within the West: The Debate between Nancy and Blanchot”. Research in Phenomenology 23, 1993: 3-21.
Bistis, G. ”Golden Dawn or Democratic Sunset: The Rise of the Far Right in Greece”. Mediterranean Quarterly 23 3 (2013): 33-55.
Bjørnager, Jens Anton og Ditte Faber. ”Gult Danmark giver byboere røde ører”. Berlingske Tidende 22 juni, 2015.
Bolt, Mikkel og Jacob Weinreich Lund. Fællesskabsfølelser: Kunst, Politik, Filosofi. Aarhus: Klim, 2009.
Botha, Marc. ”Precarious Present, Fragile Futures: Literature and Uncertainty in the Early Twenty-First Century”. English Academy Review: A Journal of English Studies 32 2 (2014): 1-19.
Bourdieu, Pierre. Travail et travailleurs en Algérie. Paris: Mouton, 1963.
Bourdieu, Pierre. Acts of Resistance: Against the tyranny of the market. New York: The New Press, 1998.
Butler, Judith. Precarious Life: The Powers of Mourning and Violence. New York: Verso, 2014.
Butler, Judith. ”Precarious Life, Vulnerability, and the Ethics of Cohabitation”. Journal of Speculative Philosophy 26 2 (2012): 134-152.
Carastathis, Anna. ”The Politics of Austerity and the Affective Economy of Hostility: Racialized Gendered Violence and Crises of Belonging in Greece”. Feminist Review 109 1 (2015): 73-95.
Casas-Cortés, Maribel. ”A Genealogy of Precarity: A Toolbox for Rearticulating Fragmented Social Realities in and out of the Workplace”. Rethinking Marxism: A Journal of Economics, Culture & Society 26 2 (2014): 206-226.
Deleuze, Gilles og Félix Guattari. Tusind Plateauer: Kapitalisme og skizofreni. København: Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademis Billedkunstskoler, 2005.
Ellinas, Antonis. ”The Rise of Golden Dawn: The New Face of the Far Right in Greece”. South European Society and Politics 18 4 (2013): 543-565.
Elliott, Brian. ”Theories of Community in Habermas, Nancy and Agamben: A Critical Evaluation”. Philosophy Compass 4 6 (2009): 893-903.
Eskildsen, Stine og Josephine Fogsgaard. ”Soldiers of Odin: Derfor har vi startet gruppen.” Ekstra Bladet 19 marts, 2016.
Ettlinger, Nancy. ”Precarity unbound”. Alternatives 32 (2007): 319-340.
Füchsel, Hanne og Kirstine Dalsgaard Nielsen. ”Oprøret er for alvor brudt ud. Fyns Amtsavis 3. februar 2016.
Grønkjær, Louise. ”Asylansøgere giver nyt liv til Langeland”. Dagbladet Information 15. januar 2016.
Hardt, Michael og Antonio Negri. Empire. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000.
Hardt, Michael og Antonio Negri. Multitude: War and Democracy in the Age of Empire. London: Penguin, 2004.
Hardt, Michael og Antonio Negri. Commonwealth. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2009.
Hardt, Michael og Antonio Negri. ”The Fight for ’Real Democracy’ at the Heart of Occupy Wall Street.” Foreign Affairs 13 oktober 2011.
Harvey, David. ”The Future of the Commons”. Radical History Review 109 (2011): 101-107.
Heidegger, Martin. Væren og tid. Aarhus: Forlaget Klim, 2007.
Hjort, Anders. ”Forfatter: DF’s valgsejr er Udkantsdanmarks protest mod hovedstadseliten.” Politiken 22. juni 2015.
Jørgensen, Erik. ”Intern asylstrid får DF-formand til at gå.” Fyns Amtsavis 18. december 2015.
Kestler, Amalie. ”Debat: Oprør fra udkanten vil skabe liv på landet.” Politiken 8. november 2014.
Kofod, Dennis Gade. Nancy. København: Rosinante, 2016.
Korte, Barbara og Frédéric Regard. Narrating Poverty and Precarity in Britain. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2014
Larsen, B.R, Whyte, Z. og Olwig, K.F. ”Den Nye Landbefolkning.” Forskningsrapport. Institut for Antropologi: Københavns Universitet, 2015.
Loong, S og Woon, Y.C. ”The Precarious Geopolitics of Urban Encounters in Jonathan Safran Foer’s Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close”. Geografiske Annaler: Series B, Human Geography 99 1 (2017): 1-19
Madsen, Bine. ”Vi vil så gerne, at I bliver lidt længere.” Jydske Vestkysten 16. juli 2016.
Millar, Kathleen M. ”The Precarious Present: Wageless Labor and Disrupted Life in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.” Cultural Anthropology 29 1 (2014): 32-53.
Millar, Kathleen M. ”Toward a critical politics of precarity”. Sociology Compass 11 6 (2017): 1-11.
Munck, R. ”The precariat: A view from the South”. Third World Quarterly 34 5 (2013): 747-762.
Nail, T. ”Deleuze, Occupy, and the Actuality of Revolution.” Theory and Event 16 1 (2013).
Nancy, Jean-Luc. Being Singular Plural. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000.
Negri, A. ”The Labor of the Multitude and the Fabric of Biopolitics”. Mediations 23 2 (2008): 8-25.
Neilson, B og Rossiter, N. ”Precarity as a Political Concept, or, Fordism as Exception”. Theory, Culture & Society 25 7-8 (2008): 51-72.
Nielsen, H.P. og Christensen, S. ”Udkantsdanmark: Avisernes (med)produktion af Nordjyllands territorielle stigma”. Praktiske Grunde 3 (2013): 5-20.
Pedersen, Poul Aarøe. ”Anm: Oprøret ulmer i Udkantsdanmark”. Politiken 27. marts, 2015.
Pedersen, Mette S. et al. ”På Ærø vil vi gerne beholde vores asyldrenge”. Dagbladet Information 23. december, 2016
Platzer, D. og Allison, A. ”Academic Precarity in American Anthropology.” Cultural Anthropology website, February 12. 2018. https://culanth.org/fieldsights/1310-academic-precarity-in-american-anthropology.
Puar, J. ”Precarity Talk: A Virtual Roundtable with Lauren Berlant, Judith Butler, Bojana Cveji´c, Isabell Lorey, Jasbir Puar, and Ana Vujanovi´c”. TDR/The Drama Review 56 4 (2013): 163-177.
Reimer, Johannes og Emma Lichscheidt. ”Samsø-borgmester er ked af at miste asylcenter.” Danmarks Radio 13. september 2016.
Simmel, Georg. ”The Stranger”. Georg Simmel on Individuality and Social Forms. Red. Donald N. Levine. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1971.
Slumstrup, Finn. ”Udkanten er mulighedernes land”, Altinget 30. oktober 2014.
Standing, Guy: The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class. London: The Bloomsbury Academic, 2011.
Standing, Guy. ”The Precariat and Class Struggle”. RCCS Annual Review 7 7 (2015): 3-16.
Standing, Guy. ”The Precariat Dilemma”. Changing Work: Progressive Ideas for The Modern World of Work, redigeret af Yvette Cooper. London: Fabian Society, 2016.
Strauss, Kendra and Siobhám McGrath. ”Temporary Migration, precarious employment and unfree labour relations: Exploring the ’continuum of exploitation’ in Canada’s Temporary Foreign Worker Progream”. Geoforum 78 (2017): 199-208.
Sørensen, Jørn. ”Asylansøgere får økuller på Samsø.” Danmarks Radio 21. januar 2015.
Teeuwen, R. ”’The Dream of a Minimal Sociality’: Roland Barthes’ Skeptic Intensity”. Theory, Culture & Society 0 0 (2016): 1-16.
Tsing, Anna. The Mushroom at the end of the world: On the possibility of life in capitalist ruins. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2015.
Williams, Raymond. Marxism and Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1977.
Williams, Raymond. Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.
Williams, Raymond. ”Følelsesstrukturer.” Kultur og Klasse 116 11 (2013): 11-16.
Virno, Paolo. A Grammar of the Multitude. New York: Semiotext(e), 2004.
Žižek, Slavoj. In Defense of Lost Causes. New York: Verso, 2008.
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2018-12-27
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Ledstrup, M. (2018). Parentesen om det højre-reaktionære: Affolkningen møder flygtningestrømmen i det prekære liv. K&K - Kultur Og Klasse, 46(126), 89–108. https://doi.org/10.7146/kok.v46i126.111741
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