Postfascismen, eller den sene kapitalismes kulturelle logik
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/kok.v46i126.111735Nøgleord:
postfascisme; Trump, Donald J.; Brexit; postmodernisme; Jameson, FredricResumé
Postfascism is very much a cultural phenomenon. And the conflicts of today occur less as class struggle than as cultural battles. Why is that? I propose to use Fred Jameson’s classic text on postmodernism (as the cultural logic of late capitalism) as a framework for considering the new postfascist tendencies that have emerged during the last few years in USA and Europe (Trump, Brexit, Alternative for Germany, Pegida, Le Pen, Wilders’ Party for Freedom, the Danish People’s Party etc.). Jameson’s analysis of postmodernism supplies us with a ‘take’ with which we can start mapping these reactionary or postfascist phenomena and embed them in an analysis of changes in late capitalism.
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Debord, Guy. Skuespilsamfundet [La Société du Spectacle, 1967], oversat af Ole Klitgaard. København: Rhodos, 1972.
Deleuze, Gilles og Félix Guattari. Tusind Plateauer. Kapitalisme og skizofreni [Mille Plateaux.Capitalisme et schizophrénie 2, 1980], oversat af Niels Lyngsø. København: Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademis Billedkunstskoler, 2005.
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Eribon, Didier. Retour à Reims. Paris: Fayard, 2009.
Fassin, Éric. Populisme: Le grand ressentiment. Paris: Textuel, 2017.
Faye, Jean-Pierre. Théorie du récit. Introduction aux ‘Langagaes totalitaires’. Paris: Hermann, 1972.
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Hewitt, Andres. Fascist Modernism: Aesthetics, Politics, and the Avant-Garde. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993.
Hobsbawm, Eric. Ekstremernes århundrede. Verdens historie 1914-94 [The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991, 1994], oversat af Ole Lindegård Henriksen. København: Samleren, 1997.
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Lütticken, Sven. “Cultural Marxists Like US”. Upubliceret manus, 2018.
Mandel, Ernst. Der Spätkapitalismus. Versuch einer marxistischen Erklärung. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1972.
Manow, Philip. Im Schatten des Königs. Die politische Anatomie demokratischer Repräsentation. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 2008.
Mayer, Arno. “The Lower Middle Class as Historical Problem”. The Journal of Modern History 47: 3 (1974): 409-436.
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Müller, Jan Werner. Hvad er populisme? Et essay [Was ist Populismus? Ein Essay, 2016], oversat af Hans-Jørgen Birkmose. København: Informations Forlag, 2016.
Nagle, Angela. Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars From 4Chan and Tumbr to Trumo and the Alt-Right. Winchester: Zero Books, 2017.
Neel, Phil A. Hinterland: America’s New Landscape of Class and Conflict. London: Reaktion Books, 2018.
Negt, Oskar og Alexander Kluge. Offentlighet og erfaring. Til organisasjonsanalysen av borgerlig og proletarisk offentlighet [Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung. Zur Organisationsanalyse von bürgerlicher und proletarischer Öffentlichkeit, 1972], oversat af Rolf Reitan. Grenå: NSU, 1974.
Negri, Antonio. “Il lavoro nella Costituzione”. Antonio Negri. La forma stato. Per la critica dell’economia politica della Costituzione. Milano: Feltrinelli, 1977. 27-110.
Negri, Antonio. “No New Deal is Possible”. Radical Philosophy 155 (2009): 2-5.
Postone, Moishe. “Anti-Semitism and National Socialism: Notes on the German Reaction to ‘Holocaust’”. New German Critique 19: 1 (1980): 97-115.
Reich, Wilhelm. Fascismens massepsykologi [Die Massenpsychologie des Faschismus, 1933], oversat af Vagn Christensen og Fleming Røgilds. København: Rhodos, 1974.
Retort. Afflicted Powers: Capital and Spectacle in a New Age of War. London & New York: Verso, 2005.
Roth, Karl-Heinz. Den ‘anden’ arbejderbevægelse og den kapitalistiske repressions udvikling fra 1880 til i dag [Die ‘andere’ Arbeiterbewegung und die Entwicklung der kapitalistischen Repression von 1880 bis zur Gegenwart, 1974], oversat af Svend Halse. Kongerslev: GMT, 1976.
Seeßlen, George. Trump! Populismus als Politik. Berlin: Bertz + Fischer, 2017.
Stollmann, Rainer. “Faschistische Politik als Gesamtkunstwerk. Tendenzen der Ästhetisierung des politischen Lebens im Nationalsozialismus”. Die deutsche Litteratur im Dritten Reich. Red. Horst Denkler og Karl Prümm. Stuttgart: Reclam, 1976. 83-101.
Taibbi, Matt. Insane Clown President: Dispatches from the 2016 Circus. New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2017.
Tamás, G.M. “Ethnicism after Nationalism: The Roots of the New European Right”. Socialist Register 2016: The Politics of the Right. Red. Greg Albo og Leo Panitch. London: The Merlin Press, 2015. 118-135.
Thalheimer, August. “Om fascismen” [“Über den Faschismus”, 1928], oversat af Henning Vangsgård. Fascisme og kapitalisme. Teorier om fascismens opståen og funktion. Red. Ib Thiersen. København: Tiderne Skifter, 1975. 94-118.
Toscano, Alberto. “Notes on Late Fascism”. 2017 http://www.historicalmaterialism.org/blog/notes-late-fascism
Traverso, Enzo. Les nouveaux visages du fascisme. Paris: Textuel, 2017.
Trotskij, Leon. “Borgerskabet, småborgerskabet og proletariatet?” [1932], oversat af Vagn Rasmussen et al. København: Socialistisk Arbejderforlag, 1993. 43-48.
Wright Mills, Charles. White Collar: The American Middle Class [1951]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Benjamin, Walter. “Kunstværket i dets tekniske reproducerbarheds tidsalder” [“Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner technischen Reproduzierbarkeit, 1936], oversat af Jørgen Holmgaard. Walter Benjamin. Kulturkritiske essays. København: Gyldendal, 1998. 129-158.
Bloch, Ernst. “Kritik der Propaganda”. Vom Hasard zur Katastrophe. Politische Autsätze 1934-1939. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1972. 195-205.
Bolt, Mikkel. Krise til opstand. Noter om det igangværende sammenbrud. Aarhus: Antipyrine, 2015.
Bolt, Mikkel. Trumps kontrarevolution. København: Nemo, 2017.
Bolt, Mikkel. “Benjamin og Trump. Fascisme, kontrarevolution og æstetiseringen af det politiske”. Agora. Journal for metafysisk spekulasjon 2-3 (2017): 250-283.
Bordiga, Amadeo. “Guerra e rivoluzione” [1950], http://www.sinistra.net/lib/bas/battag/ceka/cekafdezui.html
Braun, Emily. Mario Sironi and Italian Modernism: Art and Politics under Fascism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Brenner, Robert. The Economics of Global Turbulence: The Advanced Economies from Long Boom to Long Downturn, 1945-2005. London & New York: Verso, 2006.
Debord, Guy. Skuespilsamfundet [La Société du Spectacle, 1967], oversat af Ole Klitgaard. København: Rhodos, 1972.
Deleuze, Gilles og Félix Guattari. Tusind Plateauer. Kapitalisme og skizofreni [Mille Plateaux.Capitalisme et schizophrénie 2, 1980], oversat af Niels Lyngsø. København: Det Kongelige Danske Kunstakademis Billedkunstskoler, 2005.
Eley, Geoff. Forging Democracy: The History of the Left in Europe, 1850-2000. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Eley, Geoff. “Fascism Then and Now”. Socialist Register 2016: The Politics of the Right. Red. Greg Albo og Leo Panitch. London: The Merlin Press, 2015. 91-117.
Endnotes. “A History of Separation”. Endnotes 4 (2015): 70-192.
Eribon, Didier. Retour à Reims. Paris: Fayard, 2009.
Fassin, Éric. Populisme: Le grand ressentiment. Paris: Textuel, 2017.
Faye, Jean-Pierre. Théorie du récit. Introduction aux ‘Langagaes totalitaires’. Paris: Hermann, 1972.
Foucault, Michel. Sikkerhed, territorium, befolkning. Forelæsninger på Collège de France, 1977-1978 [Sécurité, territoire, population. Cours au Collège de France, 1977-1978, 2004], oversat af Peer F. Bundgaard og Carsten Sestoft. København: Hans Reitzels Forlag, 2008.
Ghosh, Jayati. “Globalization and the End of the Labor Aristocracy”. Dollars & Sense 329 (2017): 15-24.
Grossberg, Lawrence. Under the Cover of Chaos: Trump and the Battle for the American Right. London & New York: Pluto Press, 2018.
Hansen, Mogens Herman. Hvordan forvrænger populismen demokratiet? København: Informations Forlag, 2017.
Harvey, David. A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
Herf, Jeffrey. Reactionary Modernism: Technology, Culture, and Politics in Weimar and the Third Reich. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984.
Herscher, Andrew. “Everything Provokes Fascism. An Interview with Slavoj Zizek”. Assemblage 33 (1997): 58-63.
Hewitt, Andres. Fascist Modernism: Aesthetics, Politics, and the Avant-Garde. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993.
Hobsbawm, Eric. Ekstremernes århundrede. Verdens historie 1914-94 [The Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991, 1994], oversat af Ole Lindegård Henriksen. København: Samleren, 1997.
Jameson, Fredric. Postmodernism, or, the Cultural Logic of Late Capitalism. London & New York: Verso, 1991.
Jameson, Fredric. “The Aesthetics of Singularity”. New Left Review 92 (2015): 101-132.
Laqueur, Walter. Fascism: Past, Present, and Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Leppert-Fögen, Annette. Den deklasserede klasse. Studier i småborgerskabets historie og ideologi [Die deklassierte Klasse. Studien zur Geschichte und Ideologie des Kleinbürgertums, 1974], oversat af Kirsten Amstrup, Flemming Olsen og Carsten Jensen. Kongerslev: GMT, 1976.
Linden, Marcel van der og Wayne Thorpe. “The Rise and Fall of Revolutionary Syndicalism”. Revolutionary Syndicalism: An International Perspective. Red. Marcel van der Linden og Wayne Thorpe. Aldershot: Scolar Press, 1990. 1-24.
Lütticken, Sven. “Who Makes the Nazis?”. e-flux journal 76 (2016). http://www.e-flux.com/journal/76/69408/who-makes-the-nazis/
Lütticken, Sven. “Cultural Marxists Like US”. Upubliceret manus, 2018.
Mandel, Ernst. Der Spätkapitalismus. Versuch einer marxistischen Erklärung. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 1972.
Manow, Philip. Im Schatten des Königs. Die politische Anatomie demokratischer Repräsentation. Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 2008.
Mayer, Arno. “The Lower Middle Class as Historical Problem”. The Journal of Modern History 47: 3 (1974): 409-436.
McKinsey Global Institute. Poorer than Their Parents? Flat or falling incomes in advanced economies, 2016 https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Global%20Themes/Employment%20and%20Growth/Poorer%20than%20their%20parents%20A%20new%20perspective%20on%20income%20inequality/MGI-Poorer-than-their-parents-Flat-or-falling-incomes-in-advanced-economies-Full-report.ashx
Müller, Jan Werner. Hvad er populisme? Et essay [Was ist Populismus? Ein Essay, 2016], oversat af Hans-Jørgen Birkmose. København: Informations Forlag, 2016.
Nagle, Angela. Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars From 4Chan and Tumbr to Trumo and the Alt-Right. Winchester: Zero Books, 2017.
Neel, Phil A. Hinterland: America’s New Landscape of Class and Conflict. London: Reaktion Books, 2018.
Negt, Oskar og Alexander Kluge. Offentlighet og erfaring. Til organisasjonsanalysen av borgerlig og proletarisk offentlighet [Öffentlichkeit und Erfahrung. Zur Organisationsanalyse von bürgerlicher und proletarischer Öffentlichkeit, 1972], oversat af Rolf Reitan. Grenå: NSU, 1974.
Negri, Antonio. “Il lavoro nella Costituzione”. Antonio Negri. La forma stato. Per la critica dell’economia politica della Costituzione. Milano: Feltrinelli, 1977. 27-110.
Negri, Antonio. “No New Deal is Possible”. Radical Philosophy 155 (2009): 2-5.
Postone, Moishe. “Anti-Semitism and National Socialism: Notes on the German Reaction to ‘Holocaust’”. New German Critique 19: 1 (1980): 97-115.
Reich, Wilhelm. Fascismens massepsykologi [Die Massenpsychologie des Faschismus, 1933], oversat af Vagn Christensen og Fleming Røgilds. København: Rhodos, 1974.
Retort. Afflicted Powers: Capital and Spectacle in a New Age of War. London & New York: Verso, 2005.
Roth, Karl-Heinz. Den ‘anden’ arbejderbevægelse og den kapitalistiske repressions udvikling fra 1880 til i dag [Die ‘andere’ Arbeiterbewegung und die Entwicklung der kapitalistischen Repression von 1880 bis zur Gegenwart, 1974], oversat af Svend Halse. Kongerslev: GMT, 1976.
Seeßlen, George. Trump! Populismus als Politik. Berlin: Bertz + Fischer, 2017.
Stollmann, Rainer. “Faschistische Politik als Gesamtkunstwerk. Tendenzen der Ästhetisierung des politischen Lebens im Nationalsozialismus”. Die deutsche Litteratur im Dritten Reich. Red. Horst Denkler og Karl Prümm. Stuttgart: Reclam, 1976. 83-101.
Taibbi, Matt. Insane Clown President: Dispatches from the 2016 Circus. New York: Spiegel & Grau, 2017.
Tamás, G.M. “Ethnicism after Nationalism: The Roots of the New European Right”. Socialist Register 2016: The Politics of the Right. Red. Greg Albo og Leo Panitch. London: The Merlin Press, 2015. 118-135.
Thalheimer, August. “Om fascismen” [“Über den Faschismus”, 1928], oversat af Henning Vangsgård. Fascisme og kapitalisme. Teorier om fascismens opståen og funktion. Red. Ib Thiersen. København: Tiderne Skifter, 1975. 94-118.
Toscano, Alberto. “Notes on Late Fascism”. 2017 http://www.historicalmaterialism.org/blog/notes-late-fascism
Traverso, Enzo. Les nouveaux visages du fascisme. Paris: Textuel, 2017.
Trotskij, Leon. “Borgerskabet, småborgerskabet og proletariatet?” [1932], oversat af Vagn Rasmussen et al. København: Socialistisk Arbejderforlag, 1993. 43-48.
Wright Mills, Charles. White Collar: The American Middle Class [1951]. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
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2018-12-27
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Rasmussen, M. B. (2018). Postfascismen, eller den sene kapitalismes kulturelle logik. K&K - Kultur Og Klasse, 46(126), 7–32. https://doi.org/10.7146/kok.v46i126.111735
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