Nationalt monogami og queer tilknytninger
Heteronormativitet og biomagt i dansk familiesammenføringslovgivning
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/kok.v51i136.143214Nøgleord:
affekt, ægteskab, tilknytningskrav, ghetto, 24-års-reglen, etnicitet, racialisering, lovgivning, diskursanalyseResumé
Through the queer theoretical concepts of heteronormativity and compulsive monogamy, this article examines the notion of attachment in Danish family reunification law. From 2000 until today Danish migration law has been dominated by the understanding that applicants must prove a strong and unique connection to Denmark. The article argues for reading the attachment requirement in its changing forms in the context of shifting moral panics regarding perceived ethnic minority marriage traditions, as well as the notion of the citizen’s exclusive national orientation. Examples from family reunification legislation indicate that this legislation has been less interested in determining whether the parties in the migrating family desire each other. Rather, they must demonstrate to desire Denmark. The article suggests that the notion of national allegiance draws on historical discourses that link marriage forms and nation-formation to each other. These historical tropes can be seen as co-constructing the idea of non-Western immigrants’ and descendants’ family forms as queer disruptions of a monogamous national attachment.
Referencer
Ahlstedt, Sara. The Feeling of Migration: Narratives of Queer Intimacies and Partner Migration. 2016. Linköping Universitet, Speciale.
Ahmed, Sara. Queer Phenomenology: Orientations, Objects, Others. Duke University Press, 2006.
Ahmed, Sara. The Cultural Politics of Emotion. Routledge, 2004.
Akin, Deniz. ”How to Make a Credible and Genuine LGBT Asylum Seeker: A Discursive Perspective on the Legal Developments in Norway.” Frihet, likhet og mangfold: Kjønnsidentitet og seksuell orientering i rettslig, medisinsk og samfunnsvitenskapelig kontekst, redigeret af Anne Hellum og Anniken Sørlie, Gyldendal, 2021, s. 434-453.
Andreassen, Rikke. Der er et yndigt land: Medier, minoriteter og danskhed. Tiderne Skifter, 2007.
Andreassen, Rikke. ”Representations of Sexuality and Race at Danish Exhibitions of ’Exotic’ People at the Turn of the Twentieth Century.” NORA: Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, vol. 20, nr. 2, 2012, s. 126-147.
Andreassen, Rikke og Anne Folke Henningsen. Menneskeudstilling: Fremvisninger af eksotiske mennesker i Zoologisk Have og Tivoli. Tiderne Skifter, 2011.
Bissenbakker, Mons. ”Attachment Required: The Affective Governmentality of Marriage Migration in the Danish Aliens Act 2000-2018.” International Political Sociology, vol. 13, nr. 2, 2019, s. 181-197.
Bissenbakker, Mons, red. Tilknytningens grænser: Den affektive regulering af migration i Danmark. Aarhus Universitetsforlag, under udgivelse.
Bissenbakker, Mons og Lene Myong. ”Governing Belonging through Attachment: Marriage Migration and Transnational Adoption in Denmark.” Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 45, nr. 1, 2021, s. 1-13.
Bissenbakker, Mons og Lene Myong. ”Love Will Keep Us Together: Kærlighed og hvid transracialitet i protester mod danske familiesammenføringsregler.” Tidsskrift for kjønnsforskning, 2012, vol. 36, nr. 3-4, s. 188-202.
Butler, Judith. Bodies That Matter: On the Discursive Limits of ’Sex’. Routledge, 1993.
Butler, Judith. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. Routledge, 1990.
Danbolt, Mathias. Touching History: Art, Performance, and Politics in Queer Times. 2013. Universitetet i Bergen, Ph.d.-afhandling.
Edelman, Lee. No Future: Queer Theory and the Death Drive. Duke University Press, 2004.
El-Tayeb, Fatima. European Others: Queering Ethnicity in Postnational Europe. University of Minnesota Press, 2011.
Emens, Elizabeth F. ”Monogamy’s Law: Compulsory Monogamy and Polyamorous Existence.” New York University Review of Law and Social Change, vol. 29, nr. 2, 2004, s. 277-376.
Foucault, Michel. The Archaeology of Knowledge and the Discourse on Language. Oversat af A.M. Sheridan Smith, Tavistock, 1972.
Foucault, Michel. Viljen til viden − Seksualitetens Historie 1. Oversat af Søren Gosvig Olesen. 2. opl. Det lille Forlag, 1994.
Haritaworn, Jin et al. ”Gay Imperialism: Gender and Sexuality Discourse in the ’War on Terror’.” Out of Place: Interrogating Silences in Queerness/Raciality, redigeret af Adi Kuntsman og Esperanza Miyake, Raw Nerve Books, 2008, s. 71-95.
Indenrigsministeriet. L208. Forslag til lov om ændring af udlændingeloven med flere love, BEH1 (Første behandling af lovforslag). 2000.
Integrationsministeriet. L152. Forslag til lov om ændring af udlændingeloven og ægteskabsloven med flere love, BEH1 (Første behandling af lovforslag). 2002.
Jeholm, Sofie. Justify My Love: The Affective Governing of the Attachment Requirement. 2020. Københavns Universitet, Ph.d.-afhandling.
Jørgensen, Marianne Winther og Louise Phillips. Diskursanalyse som teori og metode. Samfundslitteratur, 1999.
Jørgensen, Martin Bak. ”Folketingsdebatter om transnationale ægteskaber.” Ægteskab og migration: Konsekvenser af de danske familiesammenføringsregler 2002-2012, redigeret af Anika Liversage og Mikkel Rytter, Aarhus Universitetsforlag, 2014, s. 33-52.
Laclau, Ernesto og Chantal Mouffe. Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics. 1985. Verso, 2001.
LGBT Asylum. LGBT Asylum Applicants in Denmark: Applying for Asylum on the Grounds of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity, 2015, https://lgbtasylum.dk/information/ressourcer/. Tilgået 3. oktober 2023.
Lindqvist, Andreas. ”Pointsystem diskriminerer homoseksuelle par.” Politiken, 25. november 2010.
Lindqvist, Andreas. ”K-politiker: Homoer bør have dispensation til familiesammenføring.” Politiken, 25. november 2010.
Lunau, Marie. ”The Trouble with ’Truth’: On the Politics of Life and Death in the Assessment of Queer Asylum Seekers.” Kvinder, Køn & Forskning, vol. 28, nr. 3-4, 2019, s. 12-23.
Ministeriet for flygtninge, indvandrere og integration & Udlændingestyrelsen. Notat om anvendelsen af tilknytningskravet ved ægtefællesammenføring, 2005 [2003].
Mühleisen, Wencke et al. ”Norwegian Sexualities: Assimilation and Exclusion in Norwegian Immigration Policy.” Sexualities, vol. 15, nr. 2, 2012, s. 139-155.
Myong, Lene og Mons Bissenbakker. ”Love Without Borders?” Cultural Studies, vol. 30, nr. 1, 2016, s. 129-146.
Muñoz, José Esteban. Cruising Utopia: The Then and There of Queer Futurity. New York University Press, 2009.
Myrdahl, Eileen Muller. ”Legislating Love: Norwegian Family Reunification Law as a Racial Project.” Social & Cultural Geography, vol. 11, nr. 2, 2010, s. 103-116.
Mørk, Pelle Lykkebo og Ritzau. ”Regeringen trækker i land i sag om flerkoneri.” TV 2 Nyheder, 30. september 2021.
Nebeling Petersen, Michael. Somewhere, over the rainbow: Biopolitiske rekonfigurationer af den homoseksuelle figur. 2012. Københavns Universitet, Ph.d.-afhandling.
Nielsen, Jens Beck et al. ”Regeringen vil skærpe kravene til udenlandske ægtefæller.” Berlingske, 23. oktober 2015.
Nielsen, Nicolas S. og Jens Ringberg. ”OVERBLIK: Forstå sagen, der handler mere om lovbrud end barnebrude.” dr.dk, 24. maj 2020.
Rich, Adrienne. ”Compulsory Heterosexuality and Lesbian Existence.” Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, vol. 5, nr. 4, 1980, s. 631-660.
Rubin, Gayle S. ”Thinking Sex: Notes for a Radical Theory of the Politics of Sexuality.” Pleasure and Danger: Exploring Female Sexuality, redigeret af Carole S. Vance, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1984, s. 267-319.
Rytter, Mikkel. ”’The Family of Denmark’ and ’The Aliens’: Kinship Images in Danish Integration Politics.” Ethnos: Journal of Anthropology, vol. 75, nr. 3, 2010, s. 301-322.
Rytter, Mikkel og Pedersen, Marianne Holm. ”A Decade of Suspicion: Islam and Muslims in Denmark after 9/11.” Ethnic and Racial Studies, vol. 37, nr. 13, 2014, s. 2303-2321.
Regeringen. Ét Danmark uden parallelsamfund: Ingen ghettoer i 2030. Økonomi- og Indenrigsministeriet, 2018.
Said, Edward W. Orientalism. Vintage Books, 1979.
Schultz-Nielsen, Louise og Torben Tranæs. Ægteskabsmønsteret for unge med indvandrerbaggrund: Konsekvenser af ændringer i udlændingelovgivningen i 2000 og 2002. Rockwool Fondens Forskningsenhed, 2009.
Smedegaard Nielsen, Asta. ”Folkets sande kærlighed: National tilknytning i den journalistiske fremstilling af familiesammenføring i danske medier i perioden 1999-2018.” Tilknytningens grænser: Den affektive regulering af migration i Danmark, redigeret af Mons Bissenbakker, Aarhus Universitetsforlag, under udgivelse.
Smedegaard Nielsen, Asta og Lene Myong. ”White Danish Love as Affective Intervention: Studying Media Representations of Family Reunification Involving Children.” Nordic Journal of Migration Research, vol. 9, nr. 4, 2019, s. 497-514.
Somerville, Siobhan B. ”Notes toward a Queer History of Naturalization.” American Quarterly, vol. 57, nr. 3, 2005, s. 659-675.
Stubberud, Elisabeth et al. ”A Wager for Life: Queer Children Seeking Asylum in Norway.” Nordic Journal of Migration Research, vol. 9, nr. 4, 2019, s. 445-460.
Thompson, Kenneth, Moral Panics. Routledge, 1998.
Udlændinge- og Integrationsministeriet. L231: Forslag til lov om ændring af udlændingeloven (Reform af reglerne om ægtefællesammenføring med nyt integrationskrav i stedet for tilknytningskravet, skærpet boligkrav m.v.). 2018.
Udlændinge- og Integrationsministeriet. L43: Lov om midlertidig opholdstilladelse til personer, der i Afghanistan har bistået danske myndigheder m.v. 2021.
von Krafft-Ebing, Richard. Sexual Psychopathy: A Clinical-Forensic Study, also Known as Psychopathia Sexualis, with Especial Reference to the Antipathetic Sexual Instinct: A Medico-forensic Study. 1924/1894. Forgotten Books, 2012.
Yilmaz, Ferruh. How the Workers Became Muslims: Immigration, Culture, and Hegemonic Transformation in Europe. University of Michigan Press, 2016.
Warner, Michael. ”Introduction: Fear of a Queer Planet”. Social Text, nr. 29, 1991, s. 3-17.
Willey, Angela. Undoing Monogamy: The Politics of Science and the Possibilities of Biology. Duke University Press, 2016.
Wittig, Monique. The Straight Mind: And Other Essays. Beacon Press, 1992.
Downloads
Publiceret
Citation/Eksport
Nummer
Sektion
Licens
Tidsskriftet følger dansk ophavsret.
