Radikale digitale liv - mekanismer i onlineradikalisering og perspektiver på forebyggelse

Forfattere

  • Christopher Kehlet Ebbrecht
  • Rikke Louise Alberg Peters

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7146/pl.v45i1.146581

Nøgleord:

onlineradikalisering, digitale fællesskaber, voldelig ekstremisme, forebyggelse af ekstremisme (P/CVE)

Resumé

I maj 2023 blev en dengang 16-årig dreng fundet skyldig i tilslutning til den højreekstremistiske terrorsammenslutning Feuerkrieg Division, som han havde stiftet bekendtskab med via online-gamingplatforme. I denne artikel sætter vi fokus på radikale digitale liv, det vil sige det fænomen, hvor særligt unge indgår i ekstremistiske onlinemiljøer, som dyrker og spreder hadefulde ekstremistiske ideologier og opfordrer til forskellige former for offentlig voldsudøvelse, herunder terrorisme. Formålet med denne artikel er at give en introduktion til og oversigt over de sociale og psykologiske mekanismer, der kan ligge bag tilslutningen til ekstremistiske digitale fællesskaber, en proces, vi betegner som onlineradikalisering. Vores bærende argument gennem artiklen er, at selvom onlineradikalisering hverken indebærer nye eller særskilte faktorer eller mekanismer sammenlignet med analog radikalisering, bærer de virtuelle ekstremistiske rum præg af indtil flere kendetegn, som kan accelerere og intensivere et voldeligt radikaliseringsforløb. Vi udfolder dette argument i tre dele. Først giver vi en uddybende beskrivelse af den såkaldte Holbæksag og de online-radikaliseringstendenser, den aktualiserer, samt en udførlig definition af radikaliserings- og ekstremismebegreberne i en onlinekontekst. Dernæst præsenterer vi nogle af de mest centrale radikaliseringsmekanismer i både tilslutningen til at blive en del af et ekstremistisk digitalt fællesskab, samt de mekanismer, der kan bevirke en yderligere radikalisering, når et sådant medlemskab først er opnået. Artiklen afrundes med en diskussion af, hvordan onlineradikalisering kan forebygges blandt unge, der til stadighed skal navigere i en digital verden. Konkret demonstrerer vi, og diskuterer kritisk, hvordan en sådan forebyggelse bør centrere sig om i) vidensopkvalificering af fagprofessionelle omkring de unge, ii) en dialogisk samtale med den unge om vedkommendes onlinefærden og iii) facilitering af meningsfulde fællesskaber som alternativ til radikale og ekstremistiske miljøer. 

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Publiceret

2024-06-11

Citation/Eksport

Christopher Kehlet Ebbrecht, & Rikke Louise Alberg Peters. (2024). Radikale digitale liv - mekanismer i onlineradikalisering og perspektiver på forebyggelse . Psyke & Logos, 45(1), 143–169. https://doi.org/10.7146/pl.v45i1.146581