Can protein and energy enriched soups be a tool in the nourishment of hospitalised patients in Denmark? A quality-development study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/akut.v6i2.136218Nøgleord:
Malnutrition, Ageing, Taste, Seriously ill patients, Protein enhanced meals, Food preferences, Personalised foodResumé
Baggrund: Patienters fødevare- og smagspræferencer ændres ofte med stigende alder og sygdom. Dette studie har till formål at undersøge proteinberigede supper som et alternativ eller supplement til standard protein drikke hos svært syge danske patienter.
Metode: Forbedringsmodellen (Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle) er anvendt til at evaluere de berigede supper og inkluderede tre sessioner (session 1-3). Session 1) 18 svært syge patienter indlagt mere end 24 timer på Regions Hospital Nordjylland fik i vilkårlig rækkefølge serveret 6 forskellige proteinberigede supper (0,1-0,2 dl) med og uden topping og skulle efterfølgende bedømme supperne på en VAS-skala. Session 2) Borgere med kronisk obstruktive lungelidelse (KOL) deltog i et gruppeinterview om fødevarepræferencer ved svær sygdom i hjemmet eller under indlæggelse. Session 3) Supperne blev modificeret ud fra erfaringer fra session 1-2 og testet igen på en tilsvarende patientgruppe som i session 1, som evaluerede supperne ud fra en 5-punkts Likert skala med ansigter.
Resultater: Session 1: I session 1 kunne størstedelen af data ikke indhentes på grund af at patienter 1) faldt i søvn, 2) ikke kunne anvende VAS skalaen, 3) oplevede manglende smags- og lugtesans, 4) ikke kunne tygge eller anvende ske. I session 2 foretrak deltagerne i gruppeinterviewene varme måltider, tyk konsistens og at det krævede begrænset energi at spise måltidet samt at der ikke indgik nødder. I session 3 var det muligt at indhente pålidelige resultater. Gennemsnitsscoren for kærnemælks-, tomat- og kartoffelsuppe var henholdsvis 4,7, 3,8 og 4,2 ud af 5. Tyk og sød suppe var det foretrukne valg.
Konklusion: Studiet viste, at svært syge patienter oplevede det var vanskeligt at holde sig vågne under måltiderne, føre maden til munden, de var stakåndede, udmattede af at tygge og manglede smags- og lugtesans. Protein- og energiberigede supper er tilfredsstillende og blev rangeret højt på smagsoplevelse. Fremadrettet virker proteinberigede supper i små portioner som en god mulighed for at imødekomme mange af de problemer disse patienter oplever.
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