Selvskade og digitale fællesskaber - en tematisk analyse af positive og negative konsekvenser
Nøgleord:
selvskade, sociale medier, tematisk analyse, social støtte, normalisering, sammenligning, konkurrenceResumé
Nærværende studie havde til formål at undersøge de positive og negative konsekvenser af deltagelse i digitale fællesskaber
med fokus på selvskade. Tre semistrukturerede onlineinterviews blev foretaget med engelsktalende deltagere rekrutteret fra sådanne fællesskaber. I en tematisk analyse fremkom fem temaer: 1) at kunne hjælpe, 2) at kunne relatere til hinanden og blive
mødt, 3) at blive negativt påvirket af andres opslag, 4) sammenligning og konkurrence imellem medlemmer og 5) at finde den rigtige balance. Disse fem temaer kastede lys på måder, hvorpå medlemmer af digitale fællesskaber kan blive både positivt og negativt påvirket af fællesskabet, samt hvordan de kan beskytte sig selv fra skadelige konsekvenser og samtidig drage fordel af den støtte, som de finder i de digitale fællesskaber. Disse fund supplerer eksisterende forskning med det personlige perspektiv fra voksne, som selvskader.
Referencer
Adler. P. & Adler, P. (2011). The Tender Cut: Inside the Hidden World of Self-Injury. New York University Press.
Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
Brennan, C., Saraiva, S., Mitchell, E., Melia, R., Campbell, L., King, N. & House, A. (2022). Self-harm, and suicidal content online, harmful or helpful? A systematic review of the recent evidence. Journal of Public Mental Health, 21(1), 57-69. http://doi.org/10.1108/JPMH-09-2021-0118
Brown, R.C., Fischer, T., Goldwich, D.A. & Plener, P.L. (2020). “I just finally wanted to belong somewhere”—Qualitative analysis of experiences with posting pictures of self-injury on Instagram. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 274. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00274
Coulson, N.S., Bullock, E. & Rodham, K. (2017). Exploring the therapeutic affordances of self-harm online support communities: An online survey of members. JMIR mental health, 4(4), e44. https://doi.org/10.2196/mental.8084
Davies, J., Pitman, A., Bamber, V., Billings, J. & Rowe, S. (2020). Young peoples’ perspectives on the role of harm reduction techniques in the management of their selfharm: A qualitative study. Archives of Suicide Research, 26(2), 692-706.
https://doi.or g/10.1080/13811118.2020.1823916
Davis, A. (2019, 7. februar). Partnering with experts to protect people from self-harm and suicide. Facebook. https://about.fb.com/news/2019/02/protecting-people-from-self-harm
Dyson, M.P., Hartling, L., Shulhan, J., Chisholm, A., Milne, A., Sundar, P., Scott, S.D. & Newton, A.S. (2016). A systematic review of social media use to discuss and view deliberate self-harm acts. PLoS one, 11(5), e0155813. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0155813
Eichenberg, C. & Schott, M. (2017). An empirical analysis of internet message boards for self-harming behavior. Archives of Suicide Research, 21(4), 672-686. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2016.1259597
Griep, S. K., & MacKinnon, D. F. (2020). Does nonsuicidal self-injury predict later suicidal attempts? A review of studies. Archives of Suicide Research, 26, 428-446. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2020.1822244
Harris, I.M. & Roberts, L.M. (2013). Exploring the use and effects of deliberate self-harm websites: An internet-based study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(12), e285. https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.2802
Hasking, P., Rees, C.S., Martin, G. & Quigley, J. (2015). What happens when you tell someone you self-injure? The effects of disclosing NSSI to adults and peers. BMC Public Health, 15(1), 1039. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2383-0
Lavis, A. & Winter, R. (2020). #Online harms or benefits? An ethnographic analysis of the positives and negatives of peer-support around self-harm on social media. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 61(8), 842-854. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13245
Lewis, S.P. & Seko, Y. (2016). A double-edged sword: A review of benefits and risks of online nonsuicidal self-injury activities. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72(3), 249-262. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22242
Marchant, A., Hawton, K., Burns, L., Stewart, A. & John, A. (2021). Impact of web-based sharing and viewing of self-harm-related videos and photographs on young people: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(3), e18048. https://doi.org/10.2196/18048
Memon, A.M., Sharma, S.G., Mohite, S.S. & Jain, S. (2018). The role of online social net-working on deliberate self-harm and suicidality in adolescents: A systematized review of literature. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 60(4), 384-392. https://doi.org/10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_414_17
Michelmore, L. & Hindley, P. (2012). Help-seeking for suicidal thoughts and self-harm in young people: A systematic review. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 42(5), 507-524. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-278X.2012.00108.x
Moran, P., Coffey, C., Romaniuk, H., Olsson, C., Borschmann, R., Carlin, J.B. & Patton, G.C. (2012). The natural history of self-harm from adolescence to young adulthood: A population-based cohort study. Lancet, 379(9812), 236-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61141-0
Mosseri, A. (2019, 7. februar). Changes we’re making to do more to support and protect the most vulnerable people who use Instagram. Instagram. https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/supporting-and-protecting-vulnerable-people-on-instagram
Muehlenkamp, J.J., Xhunga, N. & Brausch, A.M. (2019). Self-Injury age of onset: A risk factor for NSSI severity and suicidal behavior. Archives of Suicide Research, 23(4), 551-563. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2018.1486252
Mulhearne, P., Cotter, P., O’Shea, M. & Leahy-Warren, P. (2021). Experiences of registered general nurses who care for patients presenting with self-harm to the emergency department in Ireland. International Emergency Nursing, 58, 101047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ienj.2021.101047
Nesi, J, Burke, T.A., Bettis, A.H., Kudinova, A.Y., Thompson, E.C., MacPherson, H.A., Fox, K.A., Lawrence, H.R., Thomas, S.A., Wolff, J.C., Altemus, M.K., Soriano, S. & Liu, R.T. (2021). Social media use and self-injurious thoughts and behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychological Review, 87, 102038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102038
Nock, M.K. & Favazza, A.R. (2009). Nonsuicidal self-injury: Definition and classification. I M.K. Nock (red.), Understanding nonsuicidal self injury: Origins, assessment, and treatment (s. 9-18). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/11875-001
Park, Y., Mahdy, J.C. & Ammerman, B.A. (2020). How others respond to non-suicidal self-injury disclosure: A systematic review. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 31(1), 107-119. https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2478
Rodham, K., Gavin, J. & Miles, M. (2007). I hear, I listen and I care: A qualitative investigation into the function of a self-harm message board. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 37(4), 422-430. https://doi.org/10.1521/suli.2007.37.4.422
Rowe, S.L., French, R.S., Henderson, C., Ougrin, D., Slade, M. & Moran, P. (2014). Help-seeking behaviour and adolescent self-harm: A systematic review. Australien and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 48(12), 1083-1095. https://doi.org/10.1177/0004867414555718
Sternudd, H.T. (2012). Photographs of self-injury: Production and reception in a group of self-injurers. Journal of Youth Studies, 15(4), 421-436. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2012.663894
Tanggaard, L. & Brinkmann, S. (2015). Kvalitet i kvalitative studier. I S. Brinkmann & L. Tanggaard (red.), Kvalitative metoder: en grundbog (2. udgave), (s. 521-531). Hans Reitzels Forlag.
Valencia-Agudo, F., Burcher, G.C., Ezpeleta, L. & Kramer, T. (2018). Nonsuicidal self-injury in community adolescents: A systematic review of prospective predictors, mediators and moderators. Journal of Adolescence, 65, 25-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2018.02.012
Wadman, R., Nielsen, E., O’Raw, L., Brown, K., Williams, A.J., Sayal, K. & Townsend, E. (2020). “These things don’t work.” Young people’s views on harm minimization strategies as a proxy for self-harm: A mixed methods approach. Archives of Suicide Research, 24(3), 384-401. https://doi.org/10.1080/13811118.2019.1624669
Downloads
Publiceret
Citation/Eksport
Nummer
Sektion
Licens
Ophavsret er tidsskriftets og forfatternes. Det er gældende praksis, at artikler publiceret i Psyke & Logos, som efterfølgende oversættes til andet sprog, af forfatteren frit kan publiceres i internationale tidsskrifter, dog således at det ved reference fremgår, at den oversatte artikel har et forlæg i en dansksproget version i Psyke & Logos. Artikler kan frit deles og linkes til på forsknings- og undervisningsnetværk (så som Blackboard). Link foretrækkes, fordi det giver oplysning om brug af tidsskriftets artikler.
