Blødende billeder

Vådlegemer, væskende animationer og billeder i flux

Authors

Keywords:

Bleeding imagery, animation, blood miracles, blood mechanics, hydromateriality

Abstract

How do images bleed, and – more importantly – why do images bleed? The Middle Ages is the right place to look for answers to these questions because medieval imagery exhibits a marked propensity for bleeding in an actual, bodily sense. Throughout the period, pictures and figures make use of blood to reach out to their viewer and consumer, often quite tangibly or even physiologically. Liquid animation is a common feature of holy blood miracles super naturam and hydraulic blood mechanics contra naturam. Both miraculous and mechanical bleeding invoke living body functions to animate the image as an organism in flux. As an embodied locus of confluence, the molten effigy liquefies received ontological distinctions and dissolves given thresholds between solid and fluid, animate and inanimate, this-worldly and other-worldly, life and death, image and reality. Actualizing “our bodies’ wet constitution” (Neimanis) as well as “the fundamental fluidity of matter” (Ingold and Simonetti), the bleeding crucifix exudes its visceral outpourings as a transgressive emission of power and grace that overflows the boundaries of individual bodies. The unifying “hydro­commons” reaches a culmination in potable images offering their sanguine secretions for physical consumption and, thus, for becoming one with the confluent community of the Corpus Christi

Author Biography

Hans Henrik Lohfert Jørgensen, University of Aarhus

Hans Henrik Lohfert Jørgensen, PhD, is an associate professor of art history and visual culture at Aarhus University in Denmark. As recipient of the Novo Nordisk Foundation Investigator Grant in Art History, he directs an ongoing research project on “Bleeding Imagery and Visual Animation”, which investigates the bodily motions and exudations of living images in light of theories of animation in the Latin Middle Ages. See Hans Henrik Lohfert Jørgensen, Henning Laugerud and Laura Katrine Skinnebach: Animation between Magic, Miracles and Mechanics: Principles of Life in Medieval Imagery, Aarhus, Aarhus University Press, 2023.

References

Bacci, Michele: “The Berardenga Antependium and the Passio Ymaginis Office” in Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, vol. 61, 1998, pp. 1-16.

Bibelen: Den hellige skrifts kanoniske bøger, udgivet af Det Danske Bibelselskab, København, efter den gamle oversættelse af GT fra 1931 (som er mere billeddannende i indeværende sammenhæng).

Bildhauer, Bettina: Medieval Blood, Cardiff, University of Wales Press, 2006.

Bildhauer, Bettina: “Medieval European conceptions of blood: truth and human integrity” in Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 2013, pp. S57-S76.

Bynum, Caroline Walker: Wonderful Blood: Theology and Practice in Late Medieval Northern Germany and Beyond, Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007.

Bynum, Caroline Walker: Christian Materiality: An Essay on Religion in Late Medieval Europe, New York, Zone Books, 2011.

Bynum, Caroline Walker: Dissimilar Similitudes: Devotional Objects in Late Medieval Europe, New York, Zone Books, 2020.

Caesarius af Heisterbach: The Dialogue on Miracles, Henry von Essen Scott og Charles Cooke Swinton Bland (trans.), vol. I–II, London, Routledge, 1929.

Caesarius af Heisterbach: Dialogus miraculorum, Nikolaus Nösges og Horst Schneider (ed.), Fontes Christiani, vol. 86, I–V, Turnhout, Brepols, 2009.

Clausen, Helge: Katolsk mini leksikon, København, Katolsk Forlag, 1994 [1988].

Dinzelbacher, Peter: “Das Blut Christi in der Religiosität des Mittelalters” in 900 Jahre Heilig-Blut-Verehrung in Weingarten, 1094-1994: Festschrift zum Heilig-Blut-Jubiläum am 12. März 1994, vol. I, Norbert Kruse og Hans Ulrich Rudolf (eds.), Sigmaringen, J. Thorbecke, 1994, pp. 415-434.

Dobschütz, Ernst von: Christusbilder: Untersuchungen zur christlichen Legende, Leipzig, J. C. Hinrichs, 1899.

Dominici, Luca: Cronache di Ser Luca Dominici, Giovan Carlo Gigliotti (ed.), vol. I-II, Pistoia, Pacinotti, 1933-39.

Filipczak, Zirka Zaremba: “Humors” in Encyclopedia of Comparative Iconography: Themes Depicted in Works of Art, vol. I, Helene E. Roberts (ed.), Chicago og London, Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 1998, pp. 411-16.

Fricke, Beate: “A liquid history: Blood and animation in late medieval art” in RES: Anthropology and Aesthetics, vol. 63/64, 2013, pp. 53-69.

Gertrud af Helfta: Oeuvres spirituelles, vol. 3: Le Héraut (Livre III), Pierre Doyère (ed.), Sources chrétiennes, 143, Paris, Éditions du Cerf, 1968.

Gertsman, Elina: Worlds Within: Opening the Medieval Shrine Madonna, University Park, Pennsylvania State University Press, 2015.

Gregor af Tours: Glory of the Martyrs, Raymond van Dam (trans.), Liverpool, Liverpool University Press, 1988.

Holmes, Megan: The Miraculous Image in Renaissance Florence, New Haven, Yale University Press, 2013.

Ingold, Tim: “Toward an Ecology of Materials” in Annual Review of Anthropology, vol. 41, 2012, pp. 427-442.

Ingold, Tim og Simonetti, Cristián: “Introducing Solid Fluids” in Theory, Culture & Society, vol. 39, nr. 2, særnummer om Solid Fluids: New Approaches to Materials and Meaning, Tim Ingold og Cristián Simonetti (eds.), 2022, pp. 3-29.

Jopek, Norbert: German Sculpture 1430-1540: A Catalogue of the Collection in the Victoria and Albert Museum, London, V&A Publications, 2002.

Jørgensen, Hans Henrik Lohfert: “Skin Christ: On the Animation, Imitation, and Mediation of Living Skin and Touch in Late Medieval Contact Imagery” in Touching, Devotional Practices, and Visionary Experience in the Late Middle Ages, David Carrillo-Rangel, Delfi I. Nieto-Isabel og Pablo Acosta-García (eds.), Cham, Palgrave Macmillan, 2019, pp. 123-48.

Jørgensen, Hans Henrik Lohfert: “Statuas Animatas: A Contradictory Doctrine of Animation” in Animation between Magic, Miracles and Mechanics: Principles of Life in Medieval Imagery, Hans Henrik Lohfert Jørgensen, Henning Laugerud og Laura Katrine Skinnebach, Aarhus, Aarhus University Press, 2023, pp. 42-79.

Jørgensen, Hans Henrik Lohfert; Laugerud, Henning og Skinnebach, Laura Katrine: Animation between Magic, Miracles and Mechanics: Principles of Life in Medieval Imagery, Aarhus, Aarhus University Press, 2023.

Kolb, Karl: Vom heiligen Blut: Eine Bilddokumentation der Wallfahrt und Verehrung, Würzburg, Echter, 1980.

Kopania, Kamil: Animated Sculptures of the Crucified Christ in the Religious Culture of the Latin Middle Ages, Warszawa, Wydawnictwo Neriton, 2010.

Latk, Marion Jaklin: “Die Inszenierung der spätmittelalterlichen Messfeierlichkeiten mit ‘blutenden’ Christusfiguren” in Das Münster: Zeitschrift für christliche Kunst und Kunstwissenschaft, vol. 57, nr. 3, 2004, pp. 209-16.

Migne, Jacques-Paul (ed.): Patrologia Latina. Cursus Completus, Paris, Garnier Fratres, 1879.

Neimanis, Astrida: Bodies of Water: Posthuman Feminist Phenomenology, London, Bloomsbury Academic, 2016.

Rath, Markus: Die Gliederpuppe: Kult – Kunst – Konzept, Berlin og Boston, De Gruyter, 2016.

Tripps, Johannes: “The joy of automata and Cistercian monasteries: from Boxley in Kent to San Galgano in Tuscany” in Sculpture Journal, vol. 25, nr. 1, 2016, pp. 7-28.

Underwood, Paul A.: “The Fountain of Life in Manuscripts of the Gospels” in Dumbarton Oaks Papers, vol. 5, 1950, pp. 41-138.

Downloads

Published

2024-05-31

Issue

Section

Artikler