Embodied Coloniality
Affective experiences of Muslim immigrant women living in Norway
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/kkf.v37i2.147461Nøgleord:
Racialized time, colonial duration, weariness, Muslim immigrant womenResumé
This comprehensive study examines the lived experiences of Muslim immigrant women in Norway, focusing mainly on the colonial wounds as a manifestation of the enduring impact of coloniality on daily lives. The research illuminates the profound influence of colonial legacies on social structures, cultural norms, and power dynamics through meticulous examination and analysis of in-depth interviews. The participants’ narratives, including Amal, Ayse, and Zahra, provide crucial insights into the challenges of marginalization, dehumanization, and the struggle to forge a coherent sense of self within a society shaped by colonial structures. This study underscores the normalization of dehumanization and sheds light on the constraints imposed by the majority society, resulting in feelings of non-relationality, suffocation, survival, resignation, and a loss of futurity. By addressing the intersection of coloniality, racism, and the lived experiences of Muslim minority women, this research offers valuable contributions to the academic discourse on decolonial feminist studies of affect, providing a nuanced understanding of the complex dynamics at play in contemporary Norway.
Referencer
Ahmed, S. (2000). Strange Encounters: Embodied Others in Post-Coloniality.Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203349700
Ahmed, S. (2002). Racialized bodies. In M. Evans & E. Lee (Eds.), Real bodies: A sociological introduction (pp. 46–63). Bloomsbury.
Ahmed, S. (2007). A phenomenology of whiteness. Feminist Theory, 8(2), 149–168.
Ahmed, S. (2014). The cultural politics of emotion (2nd ed.). Edinburgh University Press.
Ahmed, S. (2017). Living a feminist life. Duke University Press.
Ali, S.J. (2018). Ikkje ver redd sånne som meg. Det Norske samlaget.
Ali, S.J. (2023). Et liv i redningsvest: Dagboksopptegnelser om norsk rasisme. Cappelen Damm.
Alm, E., Berg, L., Lundahl Hero, M., Johansson, A., Laskar, P., Martinsson, L., Mulinari, D., & Wasshede, C.(Eds.). (2021). Pluralistic struggles in gender, sexuality and coloniality: Challenging Swedish exceptionalism. Palgrave Macmillan Cham.
Al-Saji, A. (2014). A phenomenology of hesitation: Interrupting racializing habits of seeing. In E.S. Lee (Ed.), Living alterities: Phenomenology, embodiment, and race (pp. 133–172). State University of New York Press.
Al-Saji, A. (2018). SPEP co-director’s address: Hesitation as philosophical method—Travel bans, colonial durations, and the affective weight of the past. The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, 32(3), 331–359.
Al-Saji, A. (2020). Weariness: Dismembered time, colonialism, pandemics. Philosophy Today, 64(4), 821–826.
Al-Saji, A. (2021). Too late: Fanon, the dismembered past, and a phenomenology of racialized time. In L. Laubscher, D. Hook & M. Desai (Eds.), Fanon, phenomenology and psychology (pp. 177–193). Routledge.
Andreassen, R., & Myong, L. (2017). Race, gender, and researcher positionality analysed through memory work. Nordic Journal of Migration Research, 7(2), 97–104.
Bahar, N. (2017, January 16). Subtil hverdagsrasime. VG. https://www.vg.no/nyheter/i/62vEL/subtil-hverdagsrasisme
Berg, A.-J. (2008). Silence and articulation: Whiteness, racialization and feminist memory work. NORA - Nordic Journal of Feminist and Gender Research, 16(4), 213–227.
Berg, A.-J., Flemmen, A.B., & Gullikstad, B. (2010). Innledning: Interseksjonalitet, flertydighet og metodologiske utfordringer. In A.-J. Berg, A.B. Flemmen, & B. Gullikstad (Eds.), Likestilte norskheter: Om kjønn og etnisitet (pp. 11–37). Tapir akademisk forlag.
Berg, A.-J., & Kristiansen, T.G.S. (2010). Synlig forskjell: Om ”nyankomne innvandrere,” kjønn og rasialisering. In A.-J. Berg, A.B. Flemmen, & B. Gullikstad (Eds.), Likestilte norskheter: Om kjønn og etnisitet (pp. 225–259). Tapir akademisk forlag.
Bjoernaas, T.I. (2015). Saving Muslim women: A Feminist-postcolonial critique of veiling legislation in Norway. Islamophobia Studies Journal, 3(1), 78–89.
Dankertsen, A. (2014). Samisk artikulasjon: Melankoli, tap og forsoning i en (nord)norsk hverdag. [Doctoral dissertation]. Universitet i Nordland.
Dankertsen, A. (2016). Fragments of the future: Decolonization in Sami everyday life. Kult, 14, 23–37. http://postkolonial.dk/kult-14-new-narratives-of-the-postcolonial-arctic/
Dankertsen, A. (2019). I felt so white: Sámi racialization, indigeneity, and shades of whiteness. NAIS, 6(2), 110–137.
Dankertsen, A. (2021). Indigenising Nordic feminism: A Sámi decolonial critique. In S. Keskinen, P. Stoltz, & D. Mulinari (Eds.), Feminisms in the Nordic region: Neoliberalism, nationalism and decolonial critique (pp. 135–154). Palgrave Macmillan.
Dankertsen, A., & Kristiansen, T.G.S. (2021). “Whiteness isn’t about skin color:” Challenges to analyzing racial practices in a Norwegian context. Societies, 11(2), Article 46.
Diallo, O.-K.M. (2023). Joining in black study: Knowledge creation and black feminist critique alongside African Norwegian youth. [Doctoral dissertation]. NTNU.
Døving, C.A. (Ed.) (2022). Rasisme: Fenomenet, forskningen, erfaringene. Universitetsforlaget.
Ellefsen, R., & Sandberg, S. (2022). A repertoire of everyday resistance: Young Muslims’ responses to anti- Muslim hostility. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 48(11), 2601–2619.
Escobar, A. (2017). Designs for the pluriverse. Radical interdependence, autonomy, and the making of worlds. Duke University Press.
Fangen, K. (2020). Gendered images of us and them in anti-Islamic Facebook groups. Politics, Religion & Ideology, 21(4), 451–468.
Fangen, K., & Vaage, M.N. (2015). FrP-politikeres innvandringsretorikk i posisjon og opposisjon. Agora, 32(3–4), 30–63.
Fangen, K., & Vaage, M. (2018). “The immigration problem” and Norwegian right-wing politicians. New Political Science, 40(3), 459–476.
Fanon, F. (2021). Black skin, white masks (R. Philcox, Trans.). Penguin Classics. (Original work published 1952)
Führer, L.M. (2021). “The social meaning of skin color:” Interrogating the interrelation of phenotype/race and nation in Norway. [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Oslo.
Gregory, D. (2004). The colonial present: Afghanistan, Palestine, Iraq. Blackwell.
Gressgård, R.E. (2022). Interseksjonalitet og ignoranse: Fra synliggjøring til avkolonialisering. In C.A. Døving (Ed.), Rasisme: Fenomenet, forskningen, erfaringene (pp. 121–138). Universitetsforlaget.
Groglopo, A., & Suárez-Krabbe, J. (2023). Coloniality and decolonisation in the Nordic region: An introduction. In A. Groglopo & J. Suárez-Krabbe (Eds.), Coloniality and decolonization in the Nordic region (pp. 1–21). Routledge.
Guilmette, L. (2019). Unsettling the coloniality of the affects: Transcontinental reverberations between Teresa Brennan and Sylvia Wynter. philoSOPHIA, 9(1), 73–91.
Gullestad, M. (2002). Det norske sett med nye øyne: Kritisk analyse av norsk innvandringsdebatt. Universitetsforlaget.
Gültekin, N., Inowlocki, L., & Lutz, H. (2006). Quest and query: Interpreting a biographical interview with a Turkish woman laborer in Germany. Historical Social Research, 31(3), 50–71.
Habel, Y. (2015). Om at udfordre den svenske exceptionalisme: At undervise som sort. K & K – Kultur og klasse, 43(119), 75–102.
Harding, S. (Ed.). (2004). The feminist standpoint theory reader: Intellectual and political controversies. Routledge.
Hassani, A. (2023). Racialisation in a “raceless” nation: Muslims navigating Islamophobia in Denmark’s everyday life. In A. Groglopo & J. Suárez-Krabbe (Eds.), Coloniality and decolonisation in the Nordic region (pp. 37–50). Routledge.
Helland, F. (2019). Rasismens retorikk: Studier i norsk offentlighet. Pax Forlag.
Helseth, H. (2018). When the personal is always political: Norwegian Muslims’ arguments for women’s rights. Social Inclusion, 6(4), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v6i4.1518
Henneberger, V. (2021, April 29). Inspiring Thursday: Semra Ertan. WAVE: Women Against Violence Europe. https://wave-network.org/inspiring-thursday-semra-ertan/
Hernes, H. (2013). Fra stemmeretten til dagens likestillingspolitikk. Nytt Norsk Tidsskrift, 30(4), 377–385.
Joof, C. (2020, June 27). Det er din tur nå. Dagbladet. https://www.dagbladet.no/kultur/det-er-din-turna/72610062
Keskinen, S. (2009). “Honour-related violence” and Nordic nation-building. In S. Keskinen, S. Tuori, S. Irni & D. Mulinari (Eds.), Complying with colonialism: Gender, race and ethnicity in the Nordic region (pp. 252–272). Routledge.
Keskinen, S., Stoltz, P., & Mulinari, D. (Eds.). (2020). Feminisms in the Nordic region: Neoliberalism, nationalism and decolonial critique. Palgrave Macmillan Cham.
Keskinen, S., Tuori, S., Irni, S., & Mulinari, D. (Eds.). (2009). Complying with colonialism: Gender, race and ethnicity in the Nordic region. Routledge.
Khawaja, I. (2023). Minoritetsstress: Begrebet, dets anvendelighed og potentiale. Women, Gender and Research 34(2), 91–107.
Lugones, M. (2020). Gender and universality in colonial methodology. Critical Philosophy of Race, 8(1–2), 25–47.
Mehsen, N. (2017, February 3). Om hverdagsrasisme. Morgenbladet. https://www.morgenbladet.no/ideer/kommentar/2017/02/03/nora-mehsen-om-hverdagsrasisme/
Mignolo, W.D. (2005). The idea of Latin America. Wiley-Blackwell.
Mignolo, W.D. (2011). Geopolitics of sensing and knowing: On (de)coloniality, border thinking and epistemic disobedience. Postcolonial Studies, 14(3), 273–283.
Mignolo, W.D. (2021). The politics of decolonial investigations. Duke University Press.
Minotenk (2017). Skal liksom liksom-passet ditt bety noe. Frekk Forlag. https://minotenk.no/skal-liksom-innhold/
Mulinari, D., Keskinen, S., Irni, S., & Tuori, S. (2009). Introduction: Postcolonialism and the Nordic models of welfare and gender. In S. Keskinen, S.Tuori, S. Irni & D. Mulinari (Eds.), Complying With colonialism: Gender, race and ethnicity in the Nordic region (pp. 1–16). Ashgate.
Myrdahl, E.M. (2010). Orientalist knowledges at the European periphery: Norwegian racial projects, 1970- 2005. [Doctoral dissertation]. University of Minnesota.
Nadim, M. (2023). Making sense of hate: Young Muslims’ understandings of online racism in Norway. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 49(19), 4928–4945.
NRK. (2024, February 20). Debatten: Nei til mørkhudede? [Video]. NRKTV. https://tv.nrk.no/serie/debatten/202402/NNFA51022024/avspiller
Oliver, K. (2004). The colonization of psychic space: A psychoanalytic social theory of oppression. University of Minnesota Press.
Popadiuk, N. (2015). The feminist biographical method in psychological research. The Qualitative Report, 9(3), 392–412.
Said, E.W., Barsamian, D., & Leborg, A. (2004). Kultur og motstand: Edward W. Said I samtale med David Barsamian. Oktober Politikk.
Sawyer, L., & Habel, Y. (2014). Refracting African and Black diaspora through the Nordic region. African and Black Diaspora, 7(1), 1–6.
Skjelsbæk, I. (2013). Statsfeministen, statsfeminismen og verden utenfor. Aschehoug.
Stauffer, J. (2015). Ethical loneliness: The injustice of not being heard. Columbia University Press.
Stokke, C. (2012). A multicultural society in the making: How Norwegian Muslims challenge a white nation. [Doctoral dissertation]. NTNU.
Synnes, R.M., & Iversen, L.L. (2023). Innledning. Norsk sosiologisk tidsskrift, 7(1), 4–7.
Thun, C. (2012a). “Norwegian women got gender equality through their mothers’ milk, but anti-racism is another story”: An analysis of power and resistance in Norwegian feminist discourse. NORA - Nordic Journal of Women’s Studies, 20(1), 37–56.
Thun, C. (2012b). Norwegianness as lived citizenship: Religious women doing identity work at the intersections of nationality, gender, and religion. Nordic Journal of Religion and Society, 25(1), 1–25.
Tlostanova, M. (2010). Gender epistemologies and Eurasian borderlands. Palgrave Macmillan.
Tlostanova, M. (2023a). Decoloniality: Between a travelling concept and a relational onto-epistemic political stance. In A. Groglopo & J. Suárez-Krabbe (Eds.). Coloniality and decolonisation in the Nordic region (pp. 145–163). Routledge.
Tlostanova, M. (2023b, August 28). Transformations of temporality in the impasse of the post-Soviet coloniality, or an invitation to (co)refl ect on the future. [Keynote address]. Conference on the decolonization of memory in the former Soviet spaces, Södertörn University, Huddinge, Sweden. https://play.sh.se/media/ConferenceA+Decolonisation+of+memory+in+the+former+Soviet+spaces%2C+Keynote+%E2%80%93+Day+1/0_yxmd1g24
Tlostanova, M., & Mignolo, W.D. (2012). Learning to unlearn: Decolonial refl ections from Eurasia and the Americas. Ohio State University Press
van Es, M.A. (2016). Stereotypes and self-representations of women with a Muslim background: The stigma of being oppressed. Palgrave Macmillan Cham.
van Es, M.A. (2019). Muslim women as ‘ambassadors’ of Islam: Breaking stereotypes in everyday life. Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power, 26(4), 375–392.
Downloads
Publiceret
Citation/Eksport
Nummer
Sektion
Licens
Copyright (c) 2025 nezihat bakar
Dette værk er under følgende licens Creative Commons Navngivelse –Ikke-kommerciel (by-nc).
Udgivelser i Kvinder, Køn og Forskning er beskyttet under Creative Commons License: CC Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0
