Minoritetsstress
Begrebet, dets anvendelighed og potentiale
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/kkf.v34i1.130488Nøgleord:
minority stress, racialization, hyper-vigilance, internalized racism, resilience, micro-aggresionsResumé
I denne artikel undersøges og afklares, hvad minoritetsstress er, og hvordan begrebet kan anvendes til at forstå etnisk og racialiserede minoriteters hverdagslige udfordringer med mikroaggressioner, stigmatisering og diskrimination. Der mangler i udpræget grad forskning om minoritetsstress i en dansk/nordisk sammenhæng, hvor det traditionelle fokus på stress i høj grad repræsenterer et individualistisk fokus på den enkeltes evne til at håndtere belastninger, og hvor fokus på diskrimination og andetgørelse sjældent omfatter en opmærksomhed på de negative psykologiske konsekvenser det kan have. Minoritetsstress repræsenterer i denne forbindelse et fokus på de strukturelle og sociale forhold, som er knyttet til bestemte samfundsmæssige normer og forståelser, som skaber nogle grupper og personer som ”forkerte, ”mindre velkomne” og dermed som andetgjorte. Oplevelsen af at blive udskammet eller set som anderledes er forbundet med en konstant form for stress, som skal forstås i dens egen ret, hvilket fører til udviklingen af begrebet om minoritetsstress. I artiklen sammenholdes forskning om minoritetsstress med teorier om bl.a. stigmatisering, affektiv belastning, internaliseret racisme og ”passing”. Der peges i den forbindelse på, hvordan minoritetsstress kan føre til mere udvidede forståelser af både stress og resiliens som kollektivt forankrede processer, der tager højde for social ulighed, diskrimination og racisme.
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