On Care and Citizenship
Performing Healing (in) the Museum
Nøgleord:
Black Lives Matter, Care, Citizenship, Feminist Ethics, MuseumResumé
As a result of the most pressing concerns of our global present, care, essential to life and survival, is at the center of political struggles and ethical concerns in the 21st-century. With access to health care infrastructures highly unevenly distributed, and caring labor vastly exploited, care injustice is on the rise. The Waiting Room by artist Simone Leigh addresses these concerns. Dedicated to commemorating care worker Esmin Elizabeth Green, who, after 24 hours of waiting, died in the waiting room of a Brooklyn hospital in 2008, this project transformed the New Museum into a center for care, and political mobilization. Foregrounding the experience of Black female subjectivities, alternative healing, and radical resistance, Leigh’s art-as-social practice gave rise to Black Women Artists for Black Lives Matter, who used the museum for self-care and political organizing. This essay follows the nexus of care and citizenship through the political dimensions of infrastructural access to health care and culture. Remembering that the modern museum, implicated in the politics and economies of colonial capitalism, created rituals of citizenship based on an exclusionary gendered and racialized notion of the citizen, this essay asks if The Waiting Room enacts a ritual of care as ritual of citizenship.
Referencer
Bennett, Tony: The Birth of the Museum. History, Theory, Politics. London and New York: Routledge, 1995.
Black Women Artists for Black Lives Matter, 2016, https://www.facebook.com/bwaforblm/ (accessed August 2, 2019).
Black Women Artists for Black Lives Matter, 2016, https://www.newmuseum.org/calendar/view/1061/black-women-artists-for-black-lives-matter (accessed August 2, 2019).
Bradley, Rizvana: “Going Underground. An Interview with Simone Leigh” in Art In America, August 20, 2015, https://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-features/interviews/going-underground-an-interview-with-simone-leigh/ (accessed August 2, 2019).
Breggin Peter: “Lessons from the Death of Mental Patient Esmin Green”, August 15, 2008, https://breggin.com/lessons-from-the-death-of-mental-patient-esmin-green/ (accessed August 2, 2019).
Brubaker, William Rogers: “The French Revolution and the Invention of Citizenship” in French Politics and Society, 7(3), 1989, pp. 31–49.
Buckley, Cara: “A Life Celebrated, and a City Criticized” in New York Times, July 7, 2008, https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/07/nyregion/07funeral.html (accessed August 2, 2019).
Burton, Johanna, Shaun Leonard, and Emily Mello: “What are We Waiting for?” in: Simone Leigh: The Waiting Room June 22 – September 18, 2016, Broadsheet, New York: New Museum, 2016, available at: https://archive.newmuseum.org/exhibitions/2078, (accessed August 2, 2019).
Ehrenreich, Barbara and Arlie Hochschild (eds.): Global Woman: Nannies, Maids, and Sex Workers in the New Economy, New York: Metropolitan Books, 2002.
Feagin, Joe and Zinobia Bennefield: “Systemic Racism and U.S. Health Care” in Social Science & Medicine, Volume 103, February 2014, pp. 7–14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.006 (accessed August 2, 2019).
Foucault, Michel: The Birth of the Clinic: An Archeology of Medical Perception, New York: Pantheon Books, 1973.
Fraser, Nancy: “Feminism, Capitalism, and the Cunning of History” in New Left Review 56, March/April 2009, pp. 97–117.
Garza, Alicia: “A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement” in The Feminist Wire, October 7, 2014, http://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/10/ blacklivesmatter-2/ (accessed 2, August 2019).
Harris, Elizabeth A.: “Ex-Hospital Worker Accused of Cover-Up in Patient’s Death” in New York Times, May 16 2011, https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/17/nyregion/ex-hospital-worker-accused-of-cover-up-in-patients-death.html (accessed August 2, 2019).
Hartman, Saidiya: “Venus in Two Acts.” in Small Axe, no. 26, June 2008, pp.1–14.
Hochschild, Arlie Russell (2000), “Global Care Chains and Emotional Surplus Value”, in Hutton and Giddens (eds.), On the Edge: Living with Global Capitalism. London: Jonathan Cape, pp. 130–146.
Leigh, Simone: Free People’s Medical Clinic, September 20, 2014–October 12, 2014, Stuyvesant Mansion, http://creativetime.org/projects/black-radical-brooklyn/artists/simone-leigh/ (accessed August 2, 2019).
Krasny, Elke: “Citizenship and the Museum: On Feminist Acts” in Jenna Asthon (ed.): Feminism and Museums: Intervention, Disruption, and Change, Edinburgh and Boston: MuseumsEtc, 2017, pp. 74–99.
Krasny, Elke: “Caring Activism. Assembly, Collection and the Museum” in Vera Lauf and Franziska Zólyom (eds.): Collecting in Time, Museum for Contemporary Art Leipzig, 2018, http://collecting-in-time.gfzk.de.en (accessed March, 2, 2020).
Leigh, Simone: The Waiting Room, 06/22/16–09/1816, www.newmuseum.org/exhibitions/view/simnone-eigh-the-waiting-room/ (accessed August 2, 2019).
Lorde, Audre: A Burst of Light, Ann Arbor: Firebrand Books, 1988.
Lorde, Audre: “The Master’s Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master’s House” [1979], in Your Silence Will Not Protect You, London, Silver Press, 2017, pp. 89–93.
O’Grady, Lorraine: “Mlle Bourgeoise Noire. Performance 1980–1983” http://lorraine ogrady.com/art/mlle-bourgeoise-noire/ (accessed August 2, 2019).
Savej, Nadja: “Simone Leigh’s The Waiting Room: art that tries to heal black pain” in The Guardian, June 29, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/jun/29/simone-leigh-waiting-room-esmin-elizabeth-green-new-museum (accessed August 2, 2019).
Snow, Mary and Ashley Frantz: “Woman Who Died on Hospital Floor Called ‘Beautiful Person’” CNN.com July 3, 2008, http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/07/03/hospital.woman.death/) (accessed August 2, 2019).
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty: “Can the Subaltern Speak?” in Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg (eds.): Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp. 271–313.
Tronto, Joan and Berenice Fisher: “Toward a Feminist Theory of Caring” in: Emily K. Abel and Margaret K. Nelson (eds.): Circles of Care. Work and Identity in Women’s Lives, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990, pp. 35–62.
Tronto, Joan: Who Cares?, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2015.
Tronto, Joan: Caring Democracy. Markets, Equality, and Justice, New York and London, New York University, 2013.
Joan Tronto: “Care as the Work of Citizens. A Modest Proposal” in Marilyn Friedman (ed.): Women and Citizenship, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 130–145.
Tronto, Joan. “A Democratic Feminist Ethics of Care and Global Care Workers. Citizenship and Responsibility.” In: Rianne Mahon, Fiona Robinson (eds.): Feminist Ethics and social Policy: Towards a New Political Economy of Care, Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 2013).
Vergès, Françoise: “Capitalocene, Waste, Race, and Gender”, Journal 100, May 2019, https://www.e-flux.com/journal/100/269165/capitalocene-waste-race-and-gender/ (accessed March 2, 2020).
Volk, Gregor: “The Overdue Skyrocketing of Simone Leigh”, Hyperallergic, October 6, 2018, https://hyperallergic.com/463403/simone-lee-luhring-augustine/ (accessed August 2, 2019).
Wallach Scott, Joan: “French Universalism in the Nineties”, in Friedman, Marily (ed.): Women and Citizenship, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 35–51.
Washington, Harriet A.: Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present, New York: Harlem Moon, 2006.
Black Women Artists for Black Lives Matter, 2016, https://www.facebook.com/bwaforblm/ (accessed August 2, 2019).
Black Women Artists for Black Lives Matter, 2016, https://www.newmuseum.org/calendar/view/1061/black-women-artists-for-black-lives-matter (accessed August 2, 2019).
Bradley, Rizvana: “Going Underground. An Interview with Simone Leigh” in Art In America, August 20, 2015, https://www.artinamericamagazine.com/news-features/interviews/going-underground-an-interview-with-simone-leigh/ (accessed August 2, 2019).
Breggin Peter: “Lessons from the Death of Mental Patient Esmin Green”, August 15, 2008, https://breggin.com/lessons-from-the-death-of-mental-patient-esmin-green/ (accessed August 2, 2019).
Brubaker, William Rogers: “The French Revolution and the Invention of Citizenship” in French Politics and Society, 7(3), 1989, pp. 31–49.
Buckley, Cara: “A Life Celebrated, and a City Criticized” in New York Times, July 7, 2008, https://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/07/nyregion/07funeral.html (accessed August 2, 2019).
Burton, Johanna, Shaun Leonard, and Emily Mello: “What are We Waiting for?” in: Simone Leigh: The Waiting Room June 22 – September 18, 2016, Broadsheet, New York: New Museum, 2016, available at: https://archive.newmuseum.org/exhibitions/2078, (accessed August 2, 2019).
Ehrenreich, Barbara and Arlie Hochschild (eds.): Global Woman: Nannies, Maids, and Sex Workers in the New Economy, New York: Metropolitan Books, 2002.
Feagin, Joe and Zinobia Bennefield: “Systemic Racism and U.S. Health Care” in Social Science & Medicine, Volume 103, February 2014, pp. 7–14, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.006 (accessed August 2, 2019).
Foucault, Michel: The Birth of the Clinic: An Archeology of Medical Perception, New York: Pantheon Books, 1973.
Fraser, Nancy: “Feminism, Capitalism, and the Cunning of History” in New Left Review 56, March/April 2009, pp. 97–117.
Garza, Alicia: “A Herstory of the #BlackLivesMatter Movement” in The Feminist Wire, October 7, 2014, http://www.thefeministwire.com/2014/10/ blacklivesmatter-2/ (accessed 2, August 2019).
Harris, Elizabeth A.: “Ex-Hospital Worker Accused of Cover-Up in Patient’s Death” in New York Times, May 16 2011, https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/17/nyregion/ex-hospital-worker-accused-of-cover-up-in-patients-death.html (accessed August 2, 2019).
Hartman, Saidiya: “Venus in Two Acts.” in Small Axe, no. 26, June 2008, pp.1–14.
Hochschild, Arlie Russell (2000), “Global Care Chains and Emotional Surplus Value”, in Hutton and Giddens (eds.), On the Edge: Living with Global Capitalism. London: Jonathan Cape, pp. 130–146.
Leigh, Simone: Free People’s Medical Clinic, September 20, 2014–October 12, 2014, Stuyvesant Mansion, http://creativetime.org/projects/black-radical-brooklyn/artists/simone-leigh/ (accessed August 2, 2019).
Krasny, Elke: “Citizenship and the Museum: On Feminist Acts” in Jenna Asthon (ed.): Feminism and Museums: Intervention, Disruption, and Change, Edinburgh and Boston: MuseumsEtc, 2017, pp. 74–99.
Krasny, Elke: “Caring Activism. Assembly, Collection and the Museum” in Vera Lauf and Franziska Zólyom (eds.): Collecting in Time, Museum for Contemporary Art Leipzig, 2018, http://collecting-in-time.gfzk.de.en (accessed March, 2, 2020).
Leigh, Simone: The Waiting Room, 06/22/16–09/1816, www.newmuseum.org/exhibitions/view/simnone-eigh-the-waiting-room/ (accessed August 2, 2019).
Lorde, Audre: A Burst of Light, Ann Arbor: Firebrand Books, 1988.
Lorde, Audre: “The Master’s Tools Will Never Dismantle the Master’s House” [1979], in Your Silence Will Not Protect You, London, Silver Press, 2017, pp. 89–93.
O’Grady, Lorraine: “Mlle Bourgeoise Noire. Performance 1980–1983” http://lorraine ogrady.com/art/mlle-bourgeoise-noire/ (accessed August 2, 2019).
Savej, Nadja: “Simone Leigh’s The Waiting Room: art that tries to heal black pain” in The Guardian, June 29, 2016, https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2016/jun/29/simone-leigh-waiting-room-esmin-elizabeth-green-new-museum (accessed August 2, 2019).
Snow, Mary and Ashley Frantz: “Woman Who Died on Hospital Floor Called ‘Beautiful Person’” CNN.com July 3, 2008, http://www.cnn.com/2008/US/07/03/hospital.woman.death/) (accessed August 2, 2019).
Spivak, Gayatri Chakravorty: “Can the Subaltern Speak?” in Cary Nelson and Lawrence Grossberg (eds.): Marxism and the Interpretation of Culture, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, pp. 271–313.
Tronto, Joan and Berenice Fisher: “Toward a Feminist Theory of Caring” in: Emily K. Abel and Margaret K. Nelson (eds.): Circles of Care. Work and Identity in Women’s Lives, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1990, pp. 35–62.
Tronto, Joan: Who Cares?, Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2015.
Tronto, Joan: Caring Democracy. Markets, Equality, and Justice, New York and London, New York University, 2013.
Joan Tronto: “Care as the Work of Citizens. A Modest Proposal” in Marilyn Friedman (ed.): Women and Citizenship, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 130–145.
Tronto, Joan. “A Democratic Feminist Ethics of Care and Global Care Workers. Citizenship and Responsibility.” In: Rianne Mahon, Fiona Robinson (eds.): Feminist Ethics and social Policy: Towards a New Political Economy of Care, Vancouver: University of British Columbia, 2013).
Vergès, Françoise: “Capitalocene, Waste, Race, and Gender”, Journal 100, May 2019, https://www.e-flux.com/journal/100/269165/capitalocene-waste-race-and-gender/ (accessed March 2, 2020).
Volk, Gregor: “The Overdue Skyrocketing of Simone Leigh”, Hyperallergic, October 6, 2018, https://hyperallergic.com/463403/simone-lee-luhring-augustine/ (accessed August 2, 2019).
Wallach Scott, Joan: “French Universalism in the Nineties”, in Friedman, Marily (ed.): Women and Citizenship, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 35–51.
Washington, Harriet A.: Medical Apartheid: The Dark History of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present, New York: Harlem Moon, 2006.
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2020-12-10
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