Diversitet, ulighed og demokratisk tilbagegang
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v58i3.167959Nøgleord:
demokrati, demokratisk tilbagegang, etnisk diversitet, socioøkonomisk ulighed, etnisk ulighedResumé
To faktorer, der ofte sættes i forbindelse med demokratisk ustabilitet og tilbagegang, er økonomisk ulighed og etnisk diversitet. I denne review-artikel gennemgår jeg systematisk den komparative forskning og viser, at de simple antagelser om, at etnisk diversitet eller økonomisk ulighed i sig selv underminerer demokrati, ikke understøttes robust af empirien. Begge dele kan under visse omstændigheder gøde jorden for udemokratiske tendenser, men det kræver, at etniske eller socioøkonomiske skel politiseres og bliver til egentlige konfliktlinjer. På den baggrund diskuterer jeg en nyere gren af litteraturen, der ikke behandler ulighed og etnicitet som adskilte fænomener, men i stedet kombinerer dem. Denne forskning viser, at ulighed mellem etniske grupper er særligt destabiliserende – mere end økonomisk ulighed eller diversitet alene. Jeg præsenterer derudover to illustrative casestudier af Nepal og Bolivia, som synliggør de mekanismer, litteraturen peger på. Artiklens hovedimplikation er, at overlap mellem etniske kategorier og materielle samt politiske uligheder øger demokratiske institutioners sårbarhed.
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