Young Workers in Transition: Explaining the Density Gap by a Life-course Perspective

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18291/njwls.129366

Keywords:

Employment, Wages, Unemployment & Rehabilitation, Labor Market Institutions & Social Partners

Abstract

A common challenge for all trade unions in most of the Western world is the growing trade union density gap between young and older workers. In this paper, we examine the generational trade union gap with point of departure in the Danish case. Our data stem from two large surveys (APL II & III).We find that young workers are not more individualized; to the contrary, unorganized young workers have a growing collective mind-set. Through the lens of a life-course perspective, our data show that young workers have a growing ‘fluidic’ working life. Many young workers also take jobs in parts of the labor market with weak trade unions representation not allowing them to get in contact with trade unions representatives.

Author Biographies

Laust Høgedahl, Aalborg University

Associate Professor, Department of Politics & Society. E-mail: hogedahl@dps.aau.dk

Rasmus Juul Møberg, Aalborg University

Associate Professor, Department of Sociology & Social Work

References

Aleks, R., Saksida, T., & Wolf, A. S. (2020). Hero or Villain? A Cohort and Generational Analysis of How Youth Attitudes Towards Unions Have Changed over Time, British Journal of Industrial Relations.

Alivin, M., & Sverke, M. (2000). Do new generations imply the end of solidarity? Swedish unionism in the era of individualization, Economic and Industrial Democracy 21(1): 71-95.

Allmendinger, J., Hipp, L., & Stuth, S. (2013). Atypical employment in Europe 1996-2011 (No. P 2013-003). WZB Discussion Paper.

Beck, U. (2000). The Brave new world of work, New York: Polity Press.

Beck, U. (1986). Risikogesellschaft – Auf dem Weg in eine andere Moderne, Edition Suhrkamp, Frankfurt.

Beck, U. (1983). “Jenseits von Klasse und Stand? Soziale Ungleichheit, gesellschaftliche Individualisierungsprozesse und die Entstehung neuer sozialer Formationen und Identitäten”, pp. 33-74 in Kreckel, R. (eds.): Soziale Ungleichheiten, Sozale Welt Sonderheft, Göttingen.

Beck, U. & Levy, D. (2012).“Cosmopolitanized Nations: Re-imaging Collectivity in Work Risk Society”, pp. 1-29 in Theory, Culture & Society, vol. 0, no.

Bild, T., Caraker, E., Jørgensen, H., Lassen, M., Møberg, R.J., Scheuer, S. (2007). Arbejdsliv og politik – signalement af lønmodtagere i det 21. århundrede [Working life and politics - signaling of wage earners in the 21st century], Nyt fra Samfundsvidenskaberne, København.

Booth, A. L. (1985): The free rider problem and a social custom model of trade union membership, The Quarterly Journal of Economics 100(1): 253-261.

Booth, J., Budd, J.W. & Munday, K.M. (2010). “First-timers and Late-bloomers: Youth-adult unionization differences in a cohort of the U.S. Labor Force”, pp. 53-73 in Industrial and Labor Relations Review. Vol. 64, no. 1.

Brückner, H., & Mayer, K. U. (2005). “De-standardization of the life course: What it might mean? And if it means anything, whether it actually took place?”, pp. 27-53 in Advances in Life Course Research, Vol. 9.

Cieslik, M., & Simpson, D. (2013). Key Concepts in Youth Studies, London: Sage

Donsbach, W., & Traugott, M. W. (Eds.). (2007). The SAGE handbook of public opinion research, London: Sage.

Haynes, P., Vowles, J. & Boxall, P. (2005). ‘Explaining the younger-older worker union density gap: evidence from New Zealand’, British Journal of Industrial Relations 43: 93–116.

Heinz, W.R., & Krüger, H. (2001). ”Life Course: Innovations and Challenges for Social Research”, Current Sociology 49(2):29-53.

Hirschman, A. O. (1970). Exit, Voice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations and States, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Hodder, A. & Krestos, L. (2015). ‘Young workers and unions: Context and overview’. In A. Hodder and L. Krestos (eds.), Young Workers and Trade Unions: A Global View, London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 1–15

Høgedahl, L. (2020). The Danish Labour Market Model: Is the Bumblebee Still Flying? In P. M. Christiansen, J. Elklit, & P. Nedergaard (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Danish Politics (pp. 559-576), Oxford University Press. Oxford Handbooks

Høgedahl, L., & Kongshøj, K. (2017). New trajectories of unionization in the Nordic Ghent countries: Changing labour market and welfare institutions, European Journal of Industrial Relations 23(4): 365-380.

Høgedahl, L., & Jørgensen, H. (2017). Udviklingen i regulering af løn- og arbejdsvilkår set i et lønmodtagerperspektiv, Samfundsoekonomen (1): 18-24.

Ibsen, C. L., Toubøl, J., & Jensen, D. S. (2017). Social customs and trade union membership: A multi-level analysis of workplace union density using micro-data, European Sociological Review 33(4): 504-517.

Katznelson, N., Illeris, K., Nielsen, J. C., Sørensen, N. U., & Simonsen, B. (2009). Ungdomsliv: mellem individualisering og standardisering. [Youth life - Between individualization and standardization], Frederiksberg: Samfundslitteratur.

Jensen, C.S. (2020). Labour market segmentation and mobility as determinants of trade union membership: A study from Denmark, Economic and Industrial Democracy 41(4): 824-838.

Jørgensen, C.H. (2009). ”Fra uddannelse til arbejde – ikke kun en overgang” [From education to work - not just a transition], pp. 67-86 i Tidsskrift for Arbejdsliv, nr. 1/2009.

Keune, M. (2015). Younion – Union for Youth. Final Report: Trade unions and young workers in seven EU countries, Brussels.

Karlsson, K.B., Holm, A., Breen, R. (2012). Comparing regression coefficients between same-sample nested models using logit and probit: A new method, Sociological Methodology 42:286-313.

Kjeldstadli, K. (1997). ”Solidaritet og individualitet”, pp. 9-26 in Ning de Connick-Smith m.fl. (red.): Historiens kultur, Museum Tusculanum.

Kohler, U., Karlsson, K.B., Holm, A. (2011). Comparing coefficents of nested nonlinear probability models, The Stata Journal 11(3):420-438

Mood, C. (2010). Logistic regression: Why we cannot do what we think we can do, and what we can do about it, European Sociological Review 26(1):67-82

OECD (2018). OECD Employment Outlook 2018, Paris: OECD Publishing.

OECD (2021). "Labour: Labour market statistics", Main Economic Indicators (database), https://doi.org/10.1787/data-00046-en (Accessed June 7, 2021).

Roberts, S. (2012). One step forward, one step Beck: a contribution to the ongoing conceptual debate in youth studies, Journal of Youth Studies 15(3): 389-401.

Schnabel, C. (2013). Union membership and density: Some (not so) stylized facts and challenges, European Journal of Industrial Relations 19(3):255-273

Scheuer, S. (2015). How Precarious Is Contingent Work?–Non-salary Aspects of the Employment Relationship of Contingent Employees in Denmark, Journal of Management and Strategy 6(2): 14-30.

Simms, M., Eversberg, D., Dupuy, C., & Hipp, L. (2018). Organizing young workers under precarious conditions: What hinders or facilitates union success, Work and Occupations 45(4): 420-450.

Standing, G. (2014). A precariat charter: From denizens to citizens, A&C Black.

Tailby, S., & Pollert, A. (2011). “Non-unionized young workers and organizing the unorganized”, pp. 499-522, Economic and Industrial Democracy 32(3).

Toubøl, J., & Jensen, C. S. (2014). Why do people join trade unions? The impact of workplace union density on union recruitment, Transfer: European Review of Labour and Research 20(1): 135-154.

Vandaele, K. (2012). Youth representatives’ opinions on recruiting and representing young workers: A twofold unsatisfied demand? European Journal of Industrial Relations 18(3): 203-218.

Visser, J. (2002). Why fewer workers join unions in Europe: A social custom explanation of membership trends, British Journal of Industrial Relations 40(3): 403-430.

Waddington, J., & Kerr, A. (2002). ‘Unions fit for young workers?’ Industrial Relations Journal 33: 298–315.

Downloads

Published

2022-02-23

How to Cite

Høgedahl, L., & Møberg, R. J. (2022). Young Workers in Transition: Explaining the Density Gap by a Life-course Perspective. Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies, 12(S8). https://doi.org/10.18291/njwls.129366