When journalists lose their foothold

Swedish and Norwegian verification scandals in #Metoo-movement coverage

Authors

  • Sigurd Allern University of Oslo
  • Ester Pollack Stockholm University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7146/journalistica.v15i1.125415

Keywords:

Metoo, scandal, verification, media ethics, market-driven journalism

Abstract

The global #MeToo movement exposed the widespread structural problem of sexual harassment, which was also the case in Sweden and Norway. Across the various sectors of working life, women were able to identify with the call. This perspective, however, was under- mined in the public sphere when person-centred scandal stories about a few powerholders and media celebrities took over. In addition, a lack of verifiable documentation – and uncritical use of anonymous sources – ignited renewed debates about the ethical standards of professional journalism. This article discusses two alleged #MeToo cases: Aftonbladet’s dramatic and unfounded accusations against the theatre CEO Benny Fredriksson and VG’s misuse and manipulation of a “bar-dance” episode involving the Norwegian Labour politician Trond Giske. Both media stories developed into “critical incidents”, resulting in public criticism, self-examination and discussions around ethical rules and regulation.

References

Adelai, A. & Hill, S. (2019, September 2). UG:s program om metoo fälls i granskningsnämnden. SVT Nyheter. https://www.svt.se/kultur/ug-falls- for-metoo-program

Allern, S. (2002). Journalistic and Commercial News Values. News Organizations as Patrons of an Institution and Market Actors. Nordicom Review, 22 (1-2), 137–152.

Allern, S. & Pollack, E. (2012) Mediated Scandals. In S. Allern & E. Pollack, Scandalous! The Mediated Construction of Political Scandals in Four Nordic Countries (pp.9-28). Gothenburg: Nordicom.

Allern, s. & Pollack, E. (2019) Källkritik! Journalistik i lögnens tid. Lund: Studentlitteratur.

Askanius, T. & Hartley, J. M. (2020a) Journalistica temanummer: Kritiske perspektiver på #MeToo i Norden: Journalistikken, debatten, bevægelsen. Journalistica, 1, 7–13.

Askanius, T. & Hartley, J.M. (2020b) «Man ska’ ju nødigt blive en kvinde med en sag». Rolleforhandlinger på redaktionerne i dækningen av #metoo i Danmark og Sverige. Journalistica, 1, 71-97.

Bjerke, P. (2011). Journalistikkens vekst – og fall? Om journalistisk profesjonsmakt. IJ-forlaget.

Bjerke, P. (2005). Det etiske tomrom i PFU. Norsk medietidsskrift, 4(12), 344–

https://www.idunn.no/nmt/2005/04/debatt_det_etiske_tomrom_i_pfu

Brurås, S. (2006). Etikk for journalister (3rd ed.). Fagbokforlaget.

Carlson, M. (2015). Introduction: The many boundaries of journalism. In M. Carlson & S. Lewis (Eds.), Boundaries of journalism: Professionalism, practices, and participation (pp. 1–18). Routledge.

Dacre, P. (2008, November 9). Society of Editors: Paul Dacre’s speech in full. Press Gazette. https://www.pressgazette.co.uk/society-of-editors-paul-dacres-speech-in-full/

Davies, N. (2014). Hack attack: How the truth caught up with Rupert Murdoch. Chatto & Windus.

Eide, M. (1995). Populærjournalistikk på norsk. Historiske noter om avis-schizofreni. Norsk Medietidsskrift, 1(2), 43–56. https://www.idunn.no/nmt/1995/01/populaerjournalistikk_paa_norsk

Franchell, E. (2017, December 6). Teaterchefen hotar och sprider rädsla. Aftonbladet, 2.

Hansson, K., Ganetz, H., Sveningsson, M.G. & Sandgren, M. (2020) Legitimising a Feminist Agenda: The #metoo-petitions in Sweden 2017-2018. Nordic Journal of Media Studies, 2(1): 121-132. DOI:10.2478/njms-2020- 0011

Harcup, T. (2007). The ethical journalist. Sage Publications.

Harcup, T. (2020). What’s the point of news? A study in ethical journalism. Palgrave Macmillan.

Harcup, T., & O’Neil, D. (2017). What is News? News values revisited (again). Journalism Studies, 18, 1470–1488. https//doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1150193

Hjeltnes, G., Brurås, S., & Syse, H. (2003). 3 uker i desember: En kritisk gjennomgang av medienes rolle i den såkalte Tønne-saken. Norsk Presseforbund.

Høyer, S. (2005) The Idea of the Book. In S. Høyer and H. Pöttker (eds.), Diffusion of the News Paradigm 1850–2000 (pp. 9–16). Nordicom.

IFJ. (2021). Global charter of ethics for journalists. International Federation of Journalists. https://www.ifj.org/who/rules-and-policy/global-charter-of-ethics-for-journalists.html

Jortveit, I. N. (2018, December 21). PFU felte tre medier da utvalget behandlet årets eneste metoo-klage. Journalisten. https://journalisten.no/ingrid- nergarden-jortveit-metoo-pfu/pfu-felte-tre-medier-da-utvalget-behand- let-arets-eneste-metoo-klage/345136

Journalistförbundet. (2021). Rules of professional conduct. https://www.sjf.se/yrkesfragor/yrkesetik/yrkesetiska-regler/rules-professional-conduct

Kerpner, J. (2017, December 6). 40 vittnesmål om Stadsteaterns vd:s skräckvälde. ‘Diktatorisk maktutövare’. Aftonbladet, 8–9.

Kovach, B., & Rosenstiel, T. (2007). The elements of journalism: What newspeople should know and the public should expect. Three Rivers Press.

Kundera, M. (1991) Immortality. Grove Weidenfeld.

Linderborg, Å. (2017a, December 6). Politikerna blundade för Fredrikssons skräckvelde. Aftonbladet, 4-5.

Linderborg, Å. (2017b, December 6). Utredningen verkar riggad för Benny Fredriksson, aftonbladet.se.

Linderborg, Å. (2017c, December 4). Thomas Mattsson som åklagare och tribunal. Aftonbladet. https://www.aftonbladet.se/kultur/a/0EnoL2/thomas-mattsson-som-aklagare-och-tribunal

Lindqvist, L. & Ganetz, H. (2020) Brave women sound the alarm – representations of men and women in the Swedish media coverage of #MeToo. Journalistica, 1, 14–46.

Omdal, S. E., Gerhardsen, A., Sannum, E., & Sætre, S. (2019). Sa hun virkelig det? Medienes forhold til kildene. Norsk Presseforbund.

O’Neill, S., & Harcup, T. (2009). News values and selectivity. In K. Wahl- Jorgensen & T. Hanitzsch (Eds.). The handbook of journalism studies (pp. 161–174). Routledge.

PFU. (2021). Code of ethics of the Norwegian press. PFU. https://presse.no/pfu/etiske-regler/vaer-varsom-plakaten/vvpl-engelsk/

PFU. (2019). Sofie mot Verdens Gang, PFU-sak 099/19. PFU. https://presse. no/pfu-sak/099-19/

Phillips, A., Couldry, N., & Freedman, D. (2010). An ethical deficit? Account bility, norms, and the material conditions of contemporary journalism. In N. Fenton (Ed.), New media, old news (pp. 51–67). Sage.

Pollack, E. (2020) Brottslighet och namnpublicering. In Truedsson, L. (Ed.) Uthängd – inte bara #metoo (pp. 114–133). Institutet för mediestudier. Pollack, E. (2019) “Sweden and the #MeToo movement”. In Interactions: Studies in Communication & Culture, Vol. 20, Number 3, 185-200, Intellect.

PON. (2019). Aftonbladet fälls för publicering om Stadsteaterns förre chef. https://medieombudsmannen.se/beslut/aftonbladet-falls-for-publicering-om-stadsteaterns-forre-chef/

Rasmussen, T. (2004). Mektig og aktverdig. Betraktninger om journalistikkens legitimitet. IJ-forlaget.

Roppen, J. & Allern, S. (2010) Journalistikkens samfunnsoppdrag. In J. Roppen and S. Allern (eds.), Journalistikkens samfunnsoppdrag (pp. 11-34). IJ-forlaget.

Rosenvinge, T. (2020). Mediers beslutscircus under metoo drabbade enskilda och blev obegriplig för publiken. In L. Truedson (red.) Uthängd! Inte bara #metoo (pp. 17–31). Institutet för mediestudier.

Ryfe, D. M. (2006). Guest Editor’s Introduction: New Institutionalism and the News. Political Communication, 23(2), 135–144. https//doi.org/10.1080/10584600600728109

Raaum, O. (1999). Pressen er løs! Fronter i journalistenes faglige frigjøring. Pax.

Raaum, O. (1986) Pressens tøyelige etikk. Universitetsforlaget.

Sigvardsson, O. (2018, July 25). Därför fälls tidningar för tio metoo-publiceringar. DN Debatt. Dagens Nyheter. https://www.dn.se/debatt/darfor-falls-tio-tidningar-for-metoo-publiceringar/

Silverstone, R. (2007). Media and morality: On the rise of the media polis.Polity.

Sletteland, A. (2018). Da #metoo kom til Norge. Et ufullendte normskifte mot seksuell trakassering. Tidskrift for kjønnsforskning, 42, 142–161. https://www.idunn.no/tfk/2018/03/da_metoo_kom_til_norge

Sletteland, A., & Orgeret, K. S. (2020). Giskesaken og hvordan vi får #metoo tilbake på sporet. Forlaget Manifest.

Sletteland, A., & Orgeret, K. S. (2019). Game of Trond – en slagmark i kampen om #metoo. Nytt Norsk Tidsskrift, 3(36), 204–218. https://www.idunn.no/ nnt/2019/03/game_of_trond

Tandoc, E. C. Jr., Jenkins, J., Thomas, R. J., & Westlund, O. (Eds.). (2021). Critical incidents in journalism: Pivotal moments reshaping journalism around the world. Routledge.

Truedson, L. (2020) Uthängd! – om medieetik bortom #metoo. In L. Trued- son (red.) Uthängd! Inte bara #metoo (pp. 7–16). Institutet för mediestudier.

Von Krogh, T. (2020). Metoo och hanteringen av mediernas ansvar: Norge har det verktyget Sverige saknar. In L. Truedson (red.) Uthängd! Inte bara #metoo (pp. 32–90). Institutet för mediestudier.

Williams, B. (2002) Truth and Truthfullness: An Essay in Genealogy. Princeton University Press.

Willig, I. (2011). Bag nyhederne – værdier, idealer og praksis. Forlaget Samfundslitteratur.

Zelizer, B. (2017). What journalism could be. Polity.

Downloads

Published

2021-12-02

How to Cite

Allern, S., & Pollack, E. (2021). When journalists lose their foothold: Swedish and Norwegian verification scandals in #Metoo-movement coverage. Journalistica, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.7146/journalistica.v15i1.125415

Issue

Section

Special Issue: Journalism on the edge