Violencia estatal contra los manifestantes

Perspectivas y tendencias en el uso de armas menos letales

Autores/as

  • Matthew McEvoy Omega Research Foundation
  • Neil Corney Omega Research Foundation
  • Marina Parras Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía
  • Rohini Haar

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v34i1.144275

Palabras clave:

Armas menos letales, gas lacrimógeno, balas de goma, policía, protestas sociales

Resumen

Introducción: En los últimos años, los movimientos de protesta masiva han tomado las calles en muchos países de todo el mundo. A pesar de las sólidas protecciones legales internacionales y nacionales del derecho a la libertad de reunión pacífica y de otros derechos humanos fundamentales, con frecuencia se tildan de violentas reuniones enteras y se utilizan armas menos letales para dispersarlas. Métodos: Este artículo examina las armas utilizadas a menudo por la policía contra las reuniones públicas, centrándose en las armas contundentes (porras), los agentes químicos irritantes, los proyectiles de impacto cinético y las granadas aturdidoras. Para ello analiza ejemplos de varios países que ilustran cómo se están usando estas armas y las repercusiones sobre los derechos humanos y la integridad física. Resultados: Las tendencias más preocupantes identificadas incluyen el uso de equipos peligrosos o no probados, como los nebulizadores térmicos para desplegar irritantes químicos; el uso de armas intrínsecamente abusivas, como los látigos o los sjamboks; y el uso creciente de ciertos tipos de municiones, en concreto los proyectiles de impacto cinético indiscriminado. Discusión: El artículo pretende servir de ayuda a los profesionales médicos y jurídicos para familiarizarse más con las armas que se utilizan en los países en los que ejercen, los efectos de esas armas y los aspectos clínicos en la presentación y atención de las personas expuestas.

Biografía del autor/a

Marina Parras, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía

Médica del Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía y Profesora Asociada de la Universidad Europea de Madrid

Rohini Haar

Médico de urgencias, Oakland, California, y profesora adjunta del Departamento de Epidemiología de la Escuela de Salud Pública de la Universidad de California en Berkeley.

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Publicado

2024-05-28

Cómo citar

McEvoy, M., Corney, N., Parras, M., & Haar, R. (2024). Violencia estatal contra los manifestantes: Perspectivas y tendencias en el uso de armas menos letales. Torture Journal, 34(1), 22–43. https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v34i1.144275