”Et spørgsmål om kendsgerninger” - John Deweys tanker om historie som eksperimentel praksis

Resumé

This article analyses the American philosopher John Dewey’s (1859-1953) conception of history as an experimental practice. Set against the English historical theorist Keith Jenkins’ (1943-) claim that ‘objectivity’ and ‘facts’ are chimeras because every history is an interpretation and it is impossible to adjudicate rationally between competing interpretations, it is suggested that such expressions still make sense if history is thought of as an experimental practice along the lines suggested by Dewey. According to this way of thinking, every history should be seen as a response to a problem, and the materials and methods used to construct a given history are tested when the history is used as a means to solve the problem. This means that every reconstruction of the past involves a risk and its accuracy is of a certain probability only, but when the materials and methods used in the reconstruction have been critically examined and tested, the probability can be so high that it warrants talking about objectivity and facts relative to the given problem. Throughout the article frequent references to Dewey’s own reconstruction of history in connection with the so-called Trotsky case illustrate how this way of thinking about history as an experimental practice works when applied to a concrete example.