Phenomenology of Rhythm: The Role of Rhythm in Written Language

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7146/qs.v6i2.127310

Keywords:

Researching Rhythms, Existential Phenomenology, Qualitative Case Study, Writing, Reading, Dyslexia

Abstract

Based on existential-phenomenological perspectives from Merleau-Ponty and Løgstrup, we examine the significance of rhythm for written language skills. Rhythm is both omnipresent and a difficult phenomenon

to explore. Methodologically, the article presents phenomenological descriptions and exemplifications, not least a case study of a secondary school student with written language difficulties. Our intention is to illuminate connections between rhythmic perspectives in movement, speech, working memory and language as prerequisites for the acquisition of written language skills. We conclude that rhythm is an essential aspect of our bodily being, and based on the work of Merleau-Ponty, we are able to bring to light relationships between body, rhythm, and written language skills in ways that would not be possible from a natural scientific point of view. Inspired by Merleau-Ponty's analytical approach and the hermeneutic phenomenology of Ricoeur, we will combine an understanding perspective with both human scientific and natural scientific explanations, into a holistic interpretation. The article thus draws empirically on qualitative descriptions of rhythmic phenomena, and theoretically on perspectives from philosophy of language, developmental psychology and neuropsychology, but they are all interpreted in the light of existential-phenomenological ontology.

Author Biographies

Casper Feilberg

Casper Feilberg, PhD, is an Associate Professor in Educational Psychology at the

Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Denmark. His topics of research are Pedagogy, Bildung, Professional Development in Higher Education – especially the Profession of psychology, Problem oriented Project work. The main philosophical and theoretical inspirations are Existential phenomenology (Merleau-Ponty, Heidegger, Gadamer, Ricoeur), psychoanalysis (Bion) and critical theory (Habermas, Negt). I make use of Qualitative methodology and several research methods.

John Maul

John Maul, PhD, Speech therapist and former Ass. Professor in Special Education at the Danish University of Education, later University College of Northern Jutland. John Maul is originally speech therapist from the Royal Danish School of Educational Studies and PhD with a dissertation on a qualitatively interpretive view of dyslexia; based on a working odyssey through cerebral palsy, aphasia, dysphasia and dyslexia with consequences for understanding the importance of movement, rhythm and body. Homepage editor of livsverden.dk, homepage of The Danish Society for Existential Phenomenology.

References

Arendt, H. (1994). Essays in Understanding, 1930 – 1954, ed. Jerome Kohn, N. Y.: Hartcourt Brace & Co.

Baddeley, A.D., V Lewis, & G. Vallar (1984). Exploring the Articulatory Loop, Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 36A, 233-252.

Baddeley, A. (2003) Working Memory: Looking back and looking forward, Nature Reviews Neuroscience 4, 829 – 839.

Baddeley, A. (2010). Working Memory, Current Biology, Volume 20, Issue 4, 136 – 140.

Barbaras, R. (2005). Phenomenology of life. In: T. Carman & M. B. N. Hansen (eds.), The Cambridge Companion to Merleau-Ponty, (pp. 206-230). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bastian, S. (1987). Ind i musikken, en bog om musik og bevidsthed, [Into the Music, a Book about Music and Consciousness]. Copenhagen: Gyldendal.

Bjørkvold. J.R. (1992). The Muse Within, Creativity and comunication in Song and Play from Childhood through Maturity, New York: Harper Collins Publishers.

Bryant, P. & U. Goswami. (1990). Phonological Awareness and Learning to Read, In: Beech & Colley (Eds.): Cognitive Approaches to Reading, New York: Wiley.

Christensen, A.L. (1975). Luria’s Neuropsychological Investigation, Copenhagen: Munksgaard.

Christensen, A.L. & Caetano, C. (1999). Luria's Neuropsychological Evaluation in the Nordic Countries. Neuropsychol Rev 9, 71–78. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025655707095

Compton, J. (1997). Existential phenomenology. In: L. Embree (ed.), Encyclopedia of Phenomenology, (pp. 205-209). Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Cowell, H. & Cowell, S. (1968). Charles Ives and his Music, New York: Oxford University Press.

Elbro, C. (1990). Differences in Dyslexia. A Study of Reading Strategies and Deficits in a Linguistic Perspective. Copenhagen: Munksgaard International Publishers, Ltd.

Elbro, C. (2001). Læsning og læseundervisning [Reading and Reading Instruction], Copenhagen: Gyldendal.

Feilberg, C. (2012). Eksistentiel fænomenologi - betegnelsen, stilen og begrebet. In: K. D. Keller (red.), Den menneskelige eksistens. Introduktion til den eksistentielle fænomenologi, (pp. 45- 75). Aalborg Universitetsforlag.

Feilberg, C. (2014). Dannelsen af en psykologisk og videnskabelig habitus hos psykologistuderende. PhD Thesis. Academic Books.

Feilberg, C. (2019). Metodologisk refleksion: ved kvalitative iagttagelser og undersøgelser. I C. Feilberg, & J. Maul (red.), Kvalitative iagttagelser: at forstå, undersøge og udrede mennesker på et eksistentiel-fænomenologisk grundlag (pp. 65-105). Aalborg Universitetsforlag. Skriftserie om eksistentiel fænomenologi

Feilberg, C. & J. Maul (2019). Kvalitative iagttagelser At forstå, undersøge og udrede mennesker på et eksistentiel-fænomenologisk grundlag, Aalborg Universitetsforlag.

Feilberg, C., Norlyk, A., & Keller, K. D. (2018). Studying the Intentionality of Human Being: Through the Elementary Meaning of Lived Experience. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 49(2), 214-246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/15691624-12341347

Gadamer, H. G. (2004). Truth and Method (2nd Ed). Continuum.

Grant, S. (2010). Some Suggestions for a Phenomenology of Rhythm. In E. D. L. Fuente & S. Murphy (eds.), Philosophical and cultural theories of music (pp. 151-173), Brill.

Grønbech, V. (1943). Sprogets Musik, (The Music of Language) Copenhagen: H.C. Branners Forlag.

Habermas, J. (1978). Knowledge and human interests. Appendix: Knowledge and human interests: A general perspective (2nd ed) (pp. 301–350). Trans. Shapiro. Beacon Press: Boston.

Hansen, E. og J. Lund (1983). Sæt tryk på dansk, syntaktisk tryk på dansk [Stressing in Danish, syntactic stressing in Danish], Copenhagen, Lærerforeningens materialeudvalg.

Lefebvre, H. (2013). Rhythmanalysis: Space, time and Everyday Life, New York: Bloomsbery Academic.

Løgstrup, K.E. (1976). Vidde og Prægnans - Sprogfilosofiske Betragtninger [Breadth and Concision] Copenhagen: Gyldendal.

Maul, J. (1995). Studier i et rytmisk sekventielt tema i dysleksi, (Studies in a rhythmic sequential theme in dyslexia) Copenhagen: ph.d. thesis, The Royal Danish School of Educational Studies http://livsverden.dk/pub/Maul.J.1995.PHD.pdf

Maul, J. (2000). Temaer i læse- og stavevanskeligheder hos børn og unge, (Themes in reading and spelling difficulties in children and adolescents), Herning: Specialpædagogisk Forlag.

Maul, J. (2000a). Screening af læsning og forudsætninger for læsning og stavning, (Screening of reading and prerequisites for reading and spelling) Herning: Specialpædagogisk Forlag.

Merleau-Ponty, M. (1967). The Structure of Behavior. Boston: Beacon press.

Merleau-Ponty, M. (1968). The Visible and the Invisible. Evanston, IL: North-western University Press.

Merleau-Ponty, M. (2012). Phenomenology of Perception. (transl. by D. Landes). London: Routledge.

Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81–97. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0043158

Nørretranders, T. (1998). The User illusion: Cutting Consciousness down to Size, UK: Allen Lane Penguin Press.

Olesen, S. G. (1993). Filosofien i Frankrig eller Frankrig i Filosofien [Philosophy in France or France in Philosophy]: Slagmarks Skyttegravsserie.

Ricoeur, P. (1991). From Text to Action – Essays in Hermeneutics, II, Chap. 6: Explanation and Understanding (pp. 125-143). Evanston IL: Northwestern University Press.

Rosa, H. (2019) Ressonnance. A Sociology of our Relationship to the World, Cambridge: Polity Press.

Stenzel, J. (1934). Philosophie der Sprache (Philosophy of language), R. Oldenburger Verlag, München.

Trevarthen, C. (1987). Sharing Makes Sense. Intersubjektivity and the Making of an Infant's Meaning In: R. Steele (Ed.): Language Topics Essays in Honour of Michael Halliday, Amsterdam, Philadelphia.

Trevarthen, C. (1988). Infant's Trying to Talk, How a Child Invites Communication from the Human World, In: R. Söderbergh (Ed.), Children's Creative Communication, Lund.

Trevarthen, C. (1999). Musicality and the Intrinsic Motive Pulse: Evidence from human psychobiology and infant communication. Musicae Scientiae, 3(1_suppl), 155–215. https://doi.org/10.1177/10298649000030S109 28

Trevarthen, C. & Malloch, S. (2010). Communicative Musicality: Exploring the Basis of Human Companionship, Oxford University Press.

Wiskus, J. (2013). The Rhythm of Thought Art, Literature, and Music after Merleau-Ponty. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Downloads

Published

2021-06-09

How to Cite

Feilberg, C., & Maul, J. (2021). Phenomenology of Rhythm: The Role of Rhythm in Written Language. Qualitative Studies, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.7146/qs.v6i2.127310

Issue

Section

Articles in English