Demobilisering af klassepolitik i Danmark: Socialdemokratiets gruppebaserede appeller 1961-2004

Authors

  • Mads Thau

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v49i2.131262

Abstract

I Danmark og andre vesteuropæiske lande stemmer arbejderklassen ikke på socialdemokratiske partier i samme omfang som tidligere. Men hvilken rolle har partierne selv spillet i klassepolitikkens demobilisering? Med udgangspunkt i teori om politisk holdningsdannelse afviger artiklen fra litteraturens fokus på policy positioner og undersøger i stedet Socialdemokratiets gruppebaserede appeller. En kvantitativ indholdsanalyse af arbejdsprogrammer og principprogrammer mellem 1961 og 2004 viser, at klassebaserede appeller generelt er blevet erstattet af appeller rettet mod ikke-økonomiske grupper. Hvad angår specifikke grupper, retter appellerne sig i stigende grad mod virksomheder på bekostning af traditionelle kernevælgere som lønmodtagere, lejere og pensionister. Det understøtter en udbredt påstand om, at partistrategi er afgørende i klassepolitikkens udvikling, men antyder også at forskningen fremadrettet bør anlægge gruppeperspektiv.

References

Achen, Christopher og Larry Bartels (2016). Democracy for Realists: Why Elections Do Not Produce Responsive Government. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Andersen, Jørgen Goul og Ole Borre (2003). Politisk forandring. Værdipolitik og nye skillelinjer ved folketingsvalget 2001. Aarhus: Systime.

Bartolini, Stefan og Peter Mair (1990). Identity, Competition, and Electoral Availability: The Stability of European Electorates, 1885-1985. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Best, Robin (2011). The declining electoral relevance of traditional cleavage groups. European Political Science Review 3: 279-300.

Brooks, Clem, Paul Nieuwbeerta og Jeff Manza (2006). Cleavage-based voting behavior in cross-national perspective: Evidence from six postwar democracies. Social Science Research 35: 88-128.

Budge, Ian, Hans-Dieter Klingemann, Andrea Volkens, Judith Bara og Eric Tanenbaum (2001). Mapping Policy Preferences. Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments 1945-1998. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Budge, Ian og Farlie, Dennis (1983). Party competition: selective emphasis or direct confrontation? An alternative view with data, pp. 267-305 i Hans Daalder og Peter Mair (red.), Western European Party Systems. Continuity & Change. Beverly Hills: Sage.

Butler, David og Donald Stokes (1969). Political Change in Britain. The Evolution of Electoral Choice. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Campbell, Angus, Philip Converse, Warren Miller og Donald Stokes (1960). The American Voter. New York: Wiley.

Conover, Pamela (1988). The role of social groups in political thinking. British Journal of Political Science 18 (1): 51-76.

Converse, Phillip (1964). The nature of belief systems in mass publics, pp. 206-261 i David Apter (red.), Ideology and Discontend. New York: The Free Press.

Crouch, Colin (2008). Change in European societies since the 1970s. West European Politics 31 (1-2): 1-14.

Dalton, Russel (2014). Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies, 6. udg. Chatnam, NJ: Chatnam House.

Dalton, Russel og Martin Wattenberg (1993). The not so simple act of voting, pp. 193-218 i Ada Finifter (red.), Political Science: The State of the Discipline II. American Political Science Association.

Elff, Martin (2009). Social divisions, party positions and electoral behaviour. Electoral Studies 28: 297-308.

Evans, Geoffrey (2000). The continued significance of class voting. Annual Review of Political Science 3: 401-417.

Evans, Geoffrey og Nan Dirk de Graaf (2013). Political Choice Matters: Explaining the Strength of Class and Religious Cleavages in Cross-National Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Evans, Geoffrey og James Tilley (2012). How parties shape class politics: Explaining the decline of the class basis of party support. British Journal of Political Science 42 (1): 137-161.

Evans, Geoffrey og James Tilley (2017). The New Politics of Class in Britain: The Political Exclusion of the Working Class. Oxford: Oxford University Press

Franklin, Mark, Thomas Mackie og Henry Valen (1992). Electoral Change. Responses to Evolving Social and Attitudinal Structures in Western Countries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Green-Pedersen, Christoffer (2006). Long-term changes in Danish party politics: The rise and importance of issue competition. Scandinavian Political Studies 29 (3): 219-235.

Green-Pedersen, Christoffer (2011). Partier i nye tider: Den politiske dagsorden i Danmark. Aarhus: Aarhus Universitetsforlag.

Hansen, Martin Ejnar (2008). Back to the archives? A critique of the Danish part of the manifesto dataset. Scandinavian Political Studies 31 (2): 201-216.

Harrits, Gitte Sommer (2014). Klasse. En introduktion. København: Hans Reitzels Forlag.

Heath, Oliver (2015). Policy representation, social representation and class voting in Britain. British Journal of Political Science 45 (1): 173-193.

Helbling, Marc og Anke Tresch (2011). Measuring party positions and issue salience from media coverage: Discussing and cross-validating new indicators. Electoral Studies 30 (1): 174-183.

Hjort, Frederik (2017). Emneejerskab - hvilke partier ejer hvilke emner?, pp. 193-205 i Kasper Møller Hansen og Rune Stubager (red.), Oprør fra udkanten. København: Jurist- og Økonomiforbundets Forlag.

Hobolt, Sara (2013). Enduring divisions and new dimensions, pp. 185-204 i Geoffrey Evans og Nan Dirk de Graaf (red.), Political Choice Matters: Explaining the Strength of Class and Religious Cleavages in Cross-National Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Hout, Michael (2008). How class works: objective and subjective aspects of class since the 1970s, pp. 25-64 i Annette Lareau og Dalton Conley (red.), Social Class. How Does it Work? New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation.

Inglehart, Ronald (1997). Modernization and Post-modernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Kinder, Donald (1998). Communication and opinion. Annual Review of Political Science 1: 167-197.

Kinder, Donald og Cindy Kam (2009). Us Against Them: Ethnocentric Foundations of American Opinion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Kirchheimer, Otto (1966). The transformation of the Western European party systems, pp. 177-200 i Joseph LaPalombera og Myron Weiner (red.), Political Parties and Political Development. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

Kitschelt, Herbert (1994). The Transformation of European Social Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Knutsen, Oddbjørn (2006). Class Voting in Western Europe: A Comparative Longitudinal Study. Oxford: Lexington Books.

Knutsen, Oddbjørn (2007). The decline of social class?, pp. 457-480 i Russell Dalton og Hans-Dieter Klingemann (red.), Oxford Handbook of Political Science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Kosiara-Pedersen, Karina og Lars Bille (2004). Electoral fortunes and responses of the Social Democratic party and Liberal party in Denmark: Ups and downs, pp. 207-233 i Fritz Plasser, Wolfgang Müller og Peter Mair (red.), Political Parties and Electoral Change: Party Responses to Electoral Markets. London: Sage.

Kriesi, Hanspeter, Edgar Grande, Romain Lachat, Martin Dolezal, Simon Bornschier og Timotheos Frey (2008). West European Politics in the Age of Globalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Krippendorff, Klaus (2004). Content Analysis: An Introduction to its Methodology. London: Sage.

Lipset, Seymour Martin (1981). Political Man. The Social Bases of Politics, 2. udg. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.

Lipset, Seymour Martin og Stein Rokkan (1967). Party Systems and Voter Alignments: Cross-National Perspectives. New York: The Free Press.

Mair, Peter (2013). Ruling the Void: The Hollowing of Western Democracy. London: Verso.

Miller, Arthur, Christopher Wlezien og Anne Hildreth (1991). A reference group theory of partisan coalitions. The Journal of Politics 53 (4): 1134-1149.

Nelson, Thomas og Donald Kinder (1996). Issue frames and group-centrism in American public opinion. Journal of Politics 58: 1055-1078.

Oskarson, Maria (2005). Social structure and party choice, pp. 84-105 i Jacques Thomassen (red.), The European Voter. A Comparative Study of Modern Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Popkin, Samuel (1994). The Reasoning Voter: Communication and Persuasion in Presidential Campaigns. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Przeworski, Adam (1985). Capitalism and Social Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Przeworski, Adam og John Sprague (1986). Paper Stones: A History of Electoral Socialism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Sartori, Giovanni (1997). The sociology of parties: A critical review, kap. 11 i Peter Mair (red.), The West European Party System. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Seawright, Jason og John Gerring (2008). Case selection techniques in case study research: A menu of qualitative and quantitative options. Political Research Quarterly 61(2): 294-308.

Stubager, Rune (2009). Hvem repræsenterer partierne?, pp. 38-43 i Jens Blom-Hansen, Jørgen Elklit (red.), Perspektiver på politik: Bidrag til samfundsdebatten. Århus: Systime Academic.

Stubager, Rune (2013).The changing basis of party competition: Education, authoritarian-libertarian values and voting. Government and Opposition 48: 372-397.

Thau, Mads (2017) Rethinking the group basis of party competition: Evidence from Britain, 1964-2015. Ikke publiceret manuskript.

Downloads

Published

2017-05-02

How to Cite

Thau, M. (2017). Demobilisering af klassepolitik i Danmark: Socialdemokratiets gruppebaserede appeller 1961-2004. Politica. Tidsskrift for Politisk Videnskab, 49(2). https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v49i2.131262