Politisk teori som kritisk praksis: om rationel rekonstruktion og Frankfurterskolen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v58i1-2.165058Nøgleord:
kritisk teori, rationel rekonstruktion, Jürgen Habermas, deliberativt demokrati, identitetspolitikResumé
Artiklen introducerer Frankfurterskolens rekonstruktive tilgang til politisk teori som udgangspunkt for dens kritiske engagement med samfundets institutioner og sociale praksisser. Der lægges særlig vægt på Jürgen Habermas’ rationelle rekonstruktion som både en empirisk-fortolkende og normativ tilgang til studiet af politik. Rationel rekonstruktion tager udgangspunkt i de normative idealer, som strukturerer social praksis og institutioner, og sigter mod at underkaste dem et kritisk blik. Efter at have skitseret metodens hovedtræk, særligt dens blik for sprogets kapacitet til handlingskoordinering, gennemgås Habermas’ rekonstruktion af det konstitutionelle demokrati og de empiriske og normative pointer, der følger heraf. Artiklen illustrerer tilgangens anvendelighed ved at tage favntag med identitetspolitik som udfordring for demokratiske samfund og introducerer indvendinger fra nyere kritisk teori.
Referencer
Adorno, Theodor W. og Max Horkheimer (1997). Dialectic of Enlightenment. Blackwell Verso.
Ahlhaus, Svenja (2022). Plural reconstruction: A method of critical theory for the analysis of emerging and contested political practices. Philosophy & Social Criticism 48 (5): 703-725.
Albertsen, Andreas og Lasse Nielsen (202). Normativ politisk teori: metode og praksis. Politica 58 (1-2): 6-28.
Antonio, Robert J. (1981). Immanent critique as the core of critical theory: Its origins and developments in Hegel, Marx and contemporary thought. The British Journal of Sociology 32 (3): 330-345.
Benhabib, Seyla (1996). Introduction: The democratic moment and the problem of difference, pp. 1-18 i Seyla Benhabib (red.), Democracy and Difference. Princeton University Press.
Bernstein, Mary (2005). Identity politics. Annual Review of Sociology 31: 47-74.
Bohman, James (1999). Theories, practices, and pluralism: A pragmatic interpretation of critical social science. Philosophy of the Social Sciences 29 (4): 459-480.
Celikates, Robin (2016). Rethinking civil disobedience as a practice of contestation-beyond the liberal paradigm. Constellations 23 (1): 37-45.
Celikates, Robin (2019). Constituent power beyond exceptionalism: Irregular migration, disobedience, and (re-)constitution. Journal of International Political Theory 15 (1): 67-81.
Celikates, Robin (2020). Radical civility: Social struggles and the domestication of dissent, pp. 83-94 i Julia Christ, Kristina Lepold, Daniel Loick og Titus Stahl (red.), Debating Critical Theory: Engagements with Axel Honneth. Rowman & Littlefield.
Cohen, Gerald A. (2011). How to do political philosophy, pp. 225-235 i Michael Otsuka (red.), On the Currency of Egalitarian Justice, and Other Essays in Political Philosophy. Princeton University Press.
Dyrberg, Torben Bech (2013). Venstreorienterede der blev højreorienterede uden at vide det. Politik 16 (2).
Eddo-Lodge, Reni (2017). Why I’m No Longer Talking to White People About Race, 1. udg. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.
Foucault, Michel (1990). The History of Sexuality – Volume 1: An Introduction. Vintage Books.
Fukuyama, Francis (2018). Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment, 1. udg. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Gaus, Daniel (2013). Rational reconstruction as a method of political theory between social critique and empirical political science. Constellations 20 (4): 553-570.
Gaus, Daniel (2019). Rational reconstruction, pp. 369-378 i Amy Allen og Eduardo Mendieta (red.), The Cambridge Habermas Lexicon. Cambridge University Press.
Giddens, Anthony (1991). Modernity and Self-identity: Self and Society in the Late Modern Age. Polity.
Gledhill, James (2020). Rawls’s Post-Kantian constructivism, pp. 128-152 i James Gledhill og Sebastian Stein (red.), Hegel and Contemporary Practical Philosophy: Beyond Kantian Constructivism. Routledge.
Habermas, Jürgen (1975). Towards a reconstruction of historical materialism. Theory and Society 2 (3): 287-300.
Habermas, Jürgen (1985). Civil disobedience: Litmus test for the democratic constitutional state. Berkeley Journal of Sociology 30: 95-116.
Habermas, Jürgen (1989a). The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere: An Inquiry Into a Category of Bourgeois Society. MIT Press.
Habermas, Jürgen (1989b). The Theory of Communicative Action Volume 2. Lifeworld and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason. Polity.
Habermas, Jürgen (1990). Reconstruction and interpretation in the social sciences, pp. 21-42 i Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action. Polity.
Habermas, Jürgen (1996). Between Facts and Norms: Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy. Polity Press.
Habermas, Jürgen (2001). Constitutional democracy: A paradoxical union of contradictory principles? Political Theory 29 (6): 766-781.
Habermas, Jürgen (2022). Ein neuer Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit und die deliberative Politik. Suhrkamp.
Habermas, Jürgen (2024). “Es musste etwas besser werden...”: Gespräche mit Stefan Müller-Doohm und Roman Yos. Suhrkamp.
Hochschild, Arlie (2016). Strangers in Their Own Land: Anger and Mourning on the American Right, 1. udg. The New Press.
Honneth, Axel (2000). Rekonstruktive Gesellschaftskritik unter genealogischem Vorbehalt. Zur Idee der “Kritik” in der Frankfurter Schule. Deutsche Zeitschrift Fur Philosophie 48 (5): 729-737.
Honneth, Axel (2003). Redistribution or recognition: A response to Nancy Fraser, pp. 110-197 i Nancy Fraser og Axel Honneth (red.), Redistribution or Recognition: A Political-Philosophical Exchange. Verso.
Honneth, Axel (2006). Kamp om anerkendelse: Sociale konflikters moralske grammatik. Hans Reitzels Forlag.
Honneth, Axel (2007). Eine soziale Pathologie der Vernunft: Zur intellektuellen Erbshaft der Kritischen Theorie, pp. 28-56 i Pathologien der Vernunft. Suhrkamp.
Honneth, Axel (2014). Freedom’s Right: The Social Foundations of Democratic Life. Polity Press.
Horkheimer, Max (2002). Traditional and critical theory, pp. 188-252 i Critical Theory: Selected Essays. Continuum.
Jaeggi, Rahel (2015). Towards an immanent critique of forms of life. Raisons Politiques 57 (1): 13-29.
Jaeggi, Rahel (2018). Critique of Forms of Life. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
King, Gary, Robert O. Keohane og Sidney Verba (1994). Designing Social Inquiry: Scientific Inference in Qualitative Research, STU – Student edition. Princeton University Press.
Laclau, Ernesto og Chantal Mouffe (2001). Hegemony and Socialist Strategy: Towards a Radical Democratic Politics, 2. udg. Verso.
Lippert-Rasmussen, Kasper, Søren F. Midtgaard, Lasse Nielsen og Tore V. Olsen (2020). Politisk teori og filosofi. DJØF Forlag.
List, Christian og Laura Valentini (2016). The methodology of political theory, pp. 525-533 i Herman Cappelen, Tamar Szabó Gendler og John Hawthorne (red.), The Oxford Handbook of Philosophical Methodology. Oxford University Press.
McBride, Cillian (2013). Recognition. Polity.
Midtgaard, Søren F. (2011). Metoden i politisk teori. Politica 43 (3): 272-276.
Mouffe, Chantal (2018). For a Left Populism. Verso.
Patberg, Markus (2014). Supranational constitutional politics and the method of rational reconstruction. Philosophy & Social Criticism 40 (6): 501-521.
Rawls, John (1980). Kantian constructivism in moral theory. The Journal of Philosophy 77 (9): 515-572.
Rawls, John (1999). A Theory of Justice, rev. udg. Oxford University Press.
Rostbøll, Christian F. (2011). Politisk teori og god statskundskab. Politica 43 (1): 110-128.
Sommer, Simone (2026). X-phi og begrebsanalyse i politisk teori. Politica 58 (1-2): 53-75.
Stahl, Titus (2013). Habermas and the project of immanent critique. Constellations 20 (4): 533-552.
Taylor, Charles (1994). The politics of recognition, pp. 25-74 i Amy Gutmann (red.), Multiculturalism: Examining the Politics of Recognition. Princeton University Press.
Thorup, Mikkel (2022). Kampen om identitetspolitik: En samtidsidéhistorie, 1. udg. Klim.
Tyssedal, Jens Jørund (2026). Intuisjoner i politisk teori: problemer og alternativer. Politica 58 (1-2): 29-52.
Wolkenstein, Fabio (2023). What is democratic backsliding? Constellations 30 (3): 261-275.
Young, Iris Marion (1997). Difference as a resource for democratic communication, pp. 383-406 i James Bohman og William Rehg (red.), Deliberative Democracy: Essays on Reason and Politics. MIT Press.
Zúquete, José Pedro (2018). The Identitarians: The Movement Against Globalism and Islam in Europe. University of Notre Dame Press.
Downloads
Publiceret
Citation/Eksport
Nummer
Sektion
Licens
Copyright (c) 2026 PoliticaOphavsretten tilhører Politica. Materialet må ikke bruges eller distribueres i kommercielt øjemed.
