Digitalisering og administrative byrder
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v56i4.151661Nøgleord:
digitalisering, offentlige ydelser, selvbetjening, administrative byrder, ATP, Udbetaling DanmarkResumé
Danmark bliver ofte fremhævet som et foregangsland indenfor offentlig digitalisering. Siden 2015 har digital selvbetjening været obligatorisk for danske borgere til ansøgning om de fleste offentlige tjenester og ydelser. Dette repræsenterer et markant skifte i borgernes interaktion med offentlige myndigheder og stiller en række krav til både borgere og myndigheder. Vi spørger: Hvordan påvirker offentlig digitalisering, herunder obligatorisk digital selvbetjening og automatisering, borgernes administrative byrder ved ansøgning om offentlige ydelser i Danmark? Vi præsenterer en kvalitativ empirisk undersøgelse baseret på interviews, surveys og observationer med borgere og praktikere fra myndighederne Arbejdernes Tillægspension (ATP) og Udbetaling Danmark (UDK). Vi undersøger, hvordan myndigheders policydesign og implementering forbundet med digitale tjenester påvirker borgernes administrative byrder ved ansøgning om pension og barsel. Beslutningen om at indføre obligatorisk digital selvbetjening resulterede først i øgede administrative byrder for mange borgere. Men ATP og UDK har efterfølgende reduceret borgernes administrative byrder gennem automatisering og ved at anvende datadrevne analyser og kvalitative undersøgelser til at forbedre deres selvbetjeningsløsninger og kommunikation. I tråd med tidligere undersøgelser ser vi, at effekterne af digitaliseringen er distribuerede både indenfor og på tværs af ydelsesområderne. Der er særlig forskel på omfanget og typen af administrative byrder, som borgere i Danmark og udlandet oplever ved ansøgning om offentlige ydelser. Endelig viser vi, at både ydelsernes og statslige karakteristika påvirker myndigheders muligheder for at reducere administrative byrder.
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