Begivenhedsstyret eller emnestyret klimajournalistik?
En indholdsanalyse af danske dagblades klimadækning mellem 2018 og 2021
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/journalistica.v17i1.135010Keywords:
climate journalism, news, events, content analysis, sources, media logicAbstract
The media play a decisive role in informing the public about climate change. However, research indicates that the coverage of the climate poses a challenge for news journalism. Among other things, journalism's focus on events means that the coverage is largely tied to key events, such as climate summits. This article examines whether the daily climate coverage is also event-driven, and in addition contributes with new knowledge about what characterizes event-driven and topic-driven climate journalism, respectively. Based on a quantitative content analysis of climate journalism in nationwide dailies between 2018 and 2021 (n=367), the analysis shows that topic-driven climate journalism occupies slightly more space than event-driven, and that there is a difference between the two types of journalism. Where event-driven climate journalism focuses more on politics, business and political sources, articles with people at the center and citizens as sources take up more space in topic-driven climate journalism. However, citizens are generally underrepresented in relation to elite sources. The article concludes with a discussion of the definition of event-driven journalism and recommendations for a broader climate coverage.
References
Adam, B. (2021). Timescapes of Climate Change: A Challenge for the Media. In H. Bødker & H. E. Morris (Eds.), Climate Change and Journalism : Negotiating Rifts of Time (pp. xii–xix). Taylor & Francis Group.
Ader, C. R. (1995). A Longitudinal Study of Agenda Setting for the Issue of Environmental Pollution. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 72(2), 300–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909507200204
Almlund, P., & Danielsen, O. (2016). Det hjemløse klima. In M. Blach-Ørsten & I. Willig (Eds.), Den fælles dagsorden og alle de andre : en nyhedsugeanalyse af medieindhold, mediebrug og medieforventninger (1. udgave., pp. 285–301). Samfundslitteratur.
Altheide, D. L., & Snow, R. P. (1979). Media logic (R. P. Snow (ed.)). Sage Publications.
Anderson, A. (2017). Source Influence on Journalistic Decisions and News Coverage of Climate Change. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Climate Science. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.356
Andersson, R. (2014). Journalistiske kampagner i danske medier.
Asp, K. (2014). News media logic in a New Institutional perspective. Journalism Studies, 15(3), 256–270. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2014.889456
Beck, U. (1997). Risikosamfundet : på vej mod en ny modernitet . Hans Reitzel.
Beck, U. (2009). World at risk (U. Beck (ed.); 2.. ed.). Polity.
Berglez, P. (2011). Inside, outside, and beyond media logic: Journalistic creativity in climate reporting. Media, Culture and Society, 33(3), 449–465. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443710394903
Blach-Ørsten, M. (2013). Synlighed og legitimitet. In S. Holmström, S. Holmstrøm, & S. Kjærbeck (Eds.), Legitimitet under forandring - virksomheden i samfundet. (1. udgave.). Samfundslitteratur.
Blach-Ørsten, M., Eberholst, M., Hartley, J. M., & Steensberg, M. (2020). En ny dagsorden? Valgkampen 2019 i nyhedsmedierne. In I. T. Just, Sine; Guldbrandsen (Ed.), #FV19: Politisk kommunikation på digitale medier (1. udgave., pp. 69–88). Samfundslitteratur.
Blom, J. N., & Rønlev, R. (2019a). Journalistiske genrer - Medie- og kommunikationsleksikon. Medie- Og Kommunikationsleksikon. https://medieogkommunikationsleksikon.dk/journalistiske-genrer-2/
Blom, J. N., & Rønlev, R. (2019b). Journalistiske informationsgenrer - Medie- og kommunikationsleksikon. https://medieogkommunikationsleksikon.dk/journalistiske-informationsgenrer/
Boykoff, M. T. (2007). From convergence to contention: United States mass media representations of anthropogenic climate change science. Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 32(4), 477–489. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5661.2007.00270.x
Boykoff, M. T., & Boykoff, J. M. (2007). Climate change and journalistic norms: A case-study of US mass-media coverage. Geoforum, 38(6), 1190–1204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2007.01.008
Brüggemann, M., & Engesser, S. (2014). Between Consensus and Denial: Climate Journalists as Interpretive Community. Science Communication, 36(4), 399–427. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547014533662
Brüggemann, M., & Engesser, S. (2017). Beyond false balance: How interpretive journalism shapes media coverage of climate change [Article]. Global Environmental Change, 42, 58–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2016.11.004
Danielsen, O. (2015). Klimaet på dagsordenen : dansk klimadebat 1988-2012 . Multivers Academic.
Djerf-Pierre, M. (2012). When attention drives attention: Issue dynamics in environmental news reporting over five decades. European Journal of Communication, 27(3), 291–304. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323112450820
Djerf-Pierre, M. (2013). The Greening of the News: The Institutionalization of “the environment” in television news reporting 1961-1973. In A history of Swedish broadcasting: Communicative ethos, genres and institutional change (pp. 283–304). Nordicom. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0001-2092(07)68306-9
Downs, A. (1972). Up and Down with Ecology-the Issue-Attention Cycle. The Public Interest, 28, 38–50.
Duarte, K., & Eide, E. (2018). Når vitenskapen skal «ut». Norsk Medietidsskrift, 25(3), 01–18. https://doi.org/10.18261/issn.0805-9535-2018-03-02
Eskjær, M. F. (2019). Et tabt årti? Dansk klimadækning siden COP15. Politik, 22(3), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.7146/politik.v22i3.117726
Eskjær, M. F., & Helles, R. (2015). Kvantitativ indholdsanalyse. (M. F. Eskjær, R. Helles, M. F. Eskjær, & R. Helles (eds.); 1. udgave.). Samfundslitteratur.
From, P. (2013). Servicejournalistik. Medie- Og Kommunikationsleksikon. https://medieogkommunikationsleksikon.dk/servicejournalistik/
Geiß, S. (2018). The dynamics of media attention to issues. In P. Vasterman (Ed.), From Media Hype to Twitter Storm. News Explosions and Their Impact on Issues, Crises and Public Opinion (pp. 83–114). Amsterdam University Press. https://doi.org/doi:10.1515/9789048532100-006
Hall, S. et al. (1978). Policing the crisis: mugging, the state, and law and order. London: Macmillan (Critical social studies).
Hansen, A. (2019). Environment , Media and Communication (Second). Routledge.
Haßler, J., Maurer, M., & Oschatz, C. (2014). Media Logic and Political Logic Online and Offline. Journalism Practice, 8(3), 326–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2014.889451
Hiles, S. S., & Hinnant, A. (2014). Climate Change in the Newsroom: Journalists’ Evolving Standards of Objectivity When Covering Global Warming. Science Communication, 36(4), 428–453. https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547014534077
Hornmoen, H. (2011). Den krevende klimajournalistikken: Medienes dekning av klimaendring og klimaforskning. In N. Roll-Hansen (Ed.), Status i klimaforskningen: kunnskap og usikkerhet, vitenskapelige og politiske utfordringer (pp. 77–95). Novus Forlag.
Humprecht, E. (2023). Content Analysis in the Research Field of News Performance. In F. Oehmer-Pedrazzi, S. H. Kessler, E. Humprecht, K. Sommer, & L. Castro (Eds.), Standardisierte Inhaltsanalyse in der Kommunikationswissenschaft – Standardized Content Analysis in Communication Research: Ein Handbuch - A Handbook (pp. 77–84). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-36179-2_7
Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change. (2021). Sixth Assessment Report: The Physical Science Basis. https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6/wg1/IPCC_AR6_WGI_FullReport.pdf
Jensen, B. (1996). Træk af miljødebatten i seks danske aviser fra 1870’erne til 1970’erne : Aktuelt, Berlingske Tidende, Information, Jyllands-Posten, Politiken og Vestkysten. Rockwool Fondens Forskningsenhed.
Kepplinger, H. M. (2002). Mediatization of politics: Theory and data. Journal of Communication, 52(4), 972–986. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/52.4.972
Kepplinger, H. M., & Habermeier, J. (1995). The impact of key events on the presentation of reality. European Journal of Communication, 10(3), 371–390. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323195010003004
Krippendorff, K. (2004). Reliability in content analysis: Some common misconceptions and recommendations. Human Communication Research, 30(3), 411–433. https://doi.org/10.1093/hcr/30.3.411
Lorcher, I., & Neverla, I. (2015). The Dynamics of Issue Attention in Online Communication on Climate Change. Media and Communication (Lisboa), 3(1), 17–33. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v3i1.253
Lund, A. B., Willig, I., & Blach-Ørsten, M. (2009). Hvor kommer nyhederne fra? : den journalistiske fødekæde i Danmark før og nu. (A. B. Lund, I. Willig, & M. Blach-Ørsten (eds.); 1. udgave.). Ajour.
Lyytimäki, J. (2020). Environmental journalism in the nordic countries. In D. B. Sachsman & J. M. Valenti (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Environmental Journalism (pp. 221–233). Rout. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351068406-23
Moser, S. C. (2010). Communicating climate change: history, challenges, process and future directions. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Climate Change, 1(1), 31–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.11
Ørsten, M., Arpi, S., & Andersen, S. (2005). Miljøet i medierne : fem casestudier af nyhedsinstitutionens miljøjournalistik 1997-2003 / ([1. oplag]). Roskilde Universitetscenter, Afdeling for Journalistik.
Østbye, H., Helleland, K., Knapskog, L. O., Helland, K., & Larsen, L. O. (2002). Metodebok for mediefag (H. Østbye, K. Helleland, K. Knapskog, L. O. Larsen, K. Helland, & L. O. Larsen (eds.); 2. udg.). Fakbogforlaget.
Pearman, O., Boykoff, M., Nacu-Schmidt, A., & Katzung, J. (2022). Media and Climate Change Observatory Special Issue 2021: A Review of Media Coverage of Climate Change and Global Warming In 2021. https://scholar.colorado.edu/concern/articles/5m60qt246
Reich, Z. (2009). Sourcing the news: key issues in journalism--an innovative study of the Israeli press (Hampton Pr). Hampton Press.
Riffe, D., Aust, C. E., & Lacy, S. R. (1993). The Effectiveness of Random, Consecutive Day and Constructed Week Sampling in Newspaper Content Analysis. Journalism Quarterly, 70(1), 133–139.
Riffe, D., Lacy, S., & Fico, F. (2005). Analyzing media messages : using quantitative content analysis in research (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781410613424
Ryghaug, M. (2006). “Some like it hot” - Konstruksjon av kunnskap om klimaendringer i norske aviser. Norsk Medietidsskrift, 2006(3), 197–214.
Saunders, C., Grasso, M., & Hedges, C. (2018). Attention to climate change in British newspapers in three attention cycles (1997–2017). Geoforum, 94, 94–102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.05.024
Schäfer, M. S., Ivanova, A., & Schmidt, A. (2014). What drives media attention for climate change ? Explaining issue attention in Australian , German and Indian print media from 1996 to 2010. The International Communication Gazette, 76(2), 152–176. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748048513504169
Schäfer, M. S., & Painter, J. (2020). Climate journalism in a changing media ecosystem: Assessing the production of climate change-related news around the world. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 12(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.675
Schmidt, A., Ivanova, A., & Schäfer, M. S. (2013). Media attention for climate change around the world: A comparative analysis of newspaper coverage in 27 countries. Global Environmental Change, 23(5), 1233–1248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.07.020
Schultz, I. (2006). Bag om nyhedskriterierne : en etnografisk feltanalyse af nyhedsværdier i journalistisk praksis . Afdeling for Journalistik, Roskilde Universitetscenter.
Skovbjerg, A., & Schultz Jørgensen, S. (2006). Dagspressens kilder. Cfje.
Soroka, S. N. (2002). Issue attributes and agenda-setting by media, the public, and policymakers in Canada. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 14(3), 264–285. https://doi.org/10.1093/ijpor/14.3.264
Soroka, S. N., Farnsworth, S. J., Young, L., & Lawlor, A. (2012). Event-Driven Environmental News in the U.S. and Canada. Electronic Media and Politics, 1(10), 143–157. 2012SorokaFarnsworth.pdf
Spence, A., Poortinga, W., & Pidgeon, N. (2012). The Psychological Distance of Climate Change. Risk Analysis, 32(6), 957–972. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2011.01695.x
Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news : a study in the construction of reality (Paperback). The Free Press.
Vasterman, P. L. M. (2005). Media-Hype: Self-Reinforcing News Waves, Journalistic Standards and the Construction of Social Problems. European Journal of Communication, 20(4), 508–530. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323105058254
Willig, I., Blach-Ørsten, M., & Burkal, R. (2022). What is “Good” Climate Journalism? Public Perceptions of Climate Journalism in Denmark. Journalism Practice, 16(2–3), 520–539. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2021.2016069
Ytterstad, A. (2011). Klimakrisen utfordrer objektivitetsidealet i norsk journalistikk. Norsk Medietidsskrift, 18(4), 323–344.
Ytterstad, A., & Bødker, H. (2022). Climate Change Journalism in Norway—Working with Frequency Around the “Green Shift.” Journalism Studies, 23(11), 1291–1307. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2022.2084143
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Line Weldingh
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Forfattere, der publicerer deres værker via dette tidsskrift, accepterer følgende vilkår:
- Forfattere bevarer deres ophavsret og giver tidsskriftet ret til første publicering, samtidigt med at værket er omfattet af en Creative Commons Attribution-licens, der giver andre ret til at dele værket med en anerkendelse af værkets forfatter og første publicering i nærværende tidsskrift.
- Forfattere kan indgå flere separate kontraktlige aftaler om ikke-eksklusiv distribution af tidsskriftets publicerede version af værket (f.eks. sende det til et institutionslager eller udgive det i en bog), med en anerkendelse af værkets første publicering i nærværende tidsskrift.
- Forfattere har ret til og opfordres til at publicere deres værker online (f.eks. i institutionslagre eller på deres websted) forud for og under manuskriptprocessen, da dette kan føre til produktive udvekslinger, samt tidligere og større citater fra publicerede værker (se The Effect of Open Access).