Detection and assessment of victims of illtreatment and torture in Primary Health Care.
Quick guide including developments in the 2022 updated version of the Istanbul Protocol.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v33i1.135899Keywords:
primary care, health care, istanbul protocol, torture, examination, detection, victimsAbstract
Editorial
References
Al-Saffar, S. (2007). Integrating rehabilitation of torture victims into the public health of Iraq. Torture Journal, 17(2), 156–168. http://www.irct.org/Admin/Public/Download.aspx?file=/Files/Filer/TortureJournal/17_2_2007/art_10.pdf&origin=publication_detail
Amnesty International. (2016). Combating torture and other ill-treatment. A manual for action.
Amris, K., & Williams, A. C. d. C. (2015). Managing chronic pain in survivors of torture. Pain Management, 5(1), 5–12. https://doi.org/10.2217/pmt.14.50
Asgary, R. G., Metalios, E. E., Smith, C. L., & Paccione, G. A. (2006). Evaluating asylum seekers/torture survivors in urban primary care: a collaborative approach at the Bronx Human Rights Clinic. Health and Human Rights, 9, 164–179.
Atkinson, H. G., Wyka, K., Hampton, K., Seno, C. L., Yim, E. T., Ottenheimer, D., & Arastu, N. S. (2021). Impact of forensic medical evaluations on immigration relief grant rates and correlates of outcomes in the United States. Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine, 84, 102272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jflm.2021.102272
Bertelsen, N. S., Selden, E., Krass, P., Keatley, E. S., & Keller, A. (2018). Primary Care Screening Methods and Outcomes for Asylum Seekers in New York City. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 20(1), 171–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-016-0507-y
Berthold, S. M., Mollica, R. F., Silove, D., Tay, A. K., Lavelle, J., & Lindert, J. (2019). The HTQ-5: Revision of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire for measuring torture, trauma and DSM-5 PTSD symptoms in refugee populations. European Journal of Public Health, 29(3), 468–474. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cky256
Cook, T. L., Shannon, P. J., Vinson, G. A., Letts, J. P., & Dwee, E. (2015). War trauma and torture experiences reported during public health screening of newly resettled Karen refugees: a qualitative study. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 15(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12914-015-0046-y
Edwards, T. M., Stern, A., Clarke, D. D., Ivbijaro, G., & Kasney, L. M. (2010). The treatment of patients with medically unexplained symptoms in primary care: a review of the literature. Mental Health in Family Medicine, 7(4), 209–221. http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=3083260&tool=pmcentrez&rendertype=abstract
Eisenman, D., Keller, A., & Kim, G. (2000). Survivors of torture in a general medical setting: how often have patients been tortured, and how often is it missed? Western Journal Medicine, 172, 310–304.
Eisenman, D. P. (2007). Screening for Mental Health Problems and History of Torture. In Immigrant Medicine (pp. 633–638). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-03454-8.50053-X
Hawker, G. A., Mian, S., Kendzerska, T., & French, M. (2011). Measures of adult pain: Visual Analog Scale for Pain (VAS Pain), Numeric Rating Scale for Pain (NRS Pain), McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ), Chronic Pain Grade Scale (CPGS), Short Form-36 Bodily Pain Scale (SF. Arthritis Care and Research, 63(SUPPL. 11), 240–252. https://doi.org/10.1002/acr.20543
Hexom, B., Fernando, D., Manini, A. F., & Beattie, L. K. (2012). Survivors of Torture: Prevalence in an Urban Emergency Department. Academic Emergency Medicine, 19(10), 1158–1165. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2012.01449.x
Kalt, A., Hossain, M., Kiss, L., & Zimmerman, C. (2013). Asylum seekers, violence and health: a systematic review of research in high-income host countries. American Journal of Public Health, 103, e30-42. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.301136
Kaur, G., Weinberg, R., Milewski, A. R., Huynh, S., Mauer, E., Hemmings, H. C., & Pryor, K. O. (2020). Chronic pain diagnosis in refugee torture survivors: A prospective, blinded diagnostic accuracy study. PLoS Medicine, 17(6), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1003108
Kumar, B. (2022). Migrant health. A primary care perspective. WONCA / CRC Press.
Magwood, O., Kassam, A., Mavedatnia, D., Mendonca, O., Saad, A., Hasan, H., Madana, M., Ranger, D., Tan, Y., & Pottie, K. (2022). Mental Health Screening Approaches for Resettling Refugees and Asylum Seekers: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 1–41. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063549
Mendez, J. (2013). Applying the torture and ill-treatment protection framework in health-care settings (A/HRC/22/53) (Issue February).
Mendez, J. (2014). Informe del Relator Especial sobre la tortura y otros tratos o penas crueles, inhumanos o degradantes - Misión a México. A/HRC/28/68/Add.3. https://doi.org/10.18268/bsgm1908v4n1x1
Méndez, J. (2019). Right to a Healthy Prison Environment: Health Care in Custody Under the Prism of Torture. Notre Dame Journal of International & Comparative Law, 9(1), 40.
Mewes, R., Friele, B., & Bloemen, E. (2018). Validation of the Protect Questionnaire: A Tool to Detect Mental Health Problems in Asylum Seekers by Non-Health Professionals. Torture Journal, 28(2).
Munk-Andersen, E., Toftgaard, B., & Modvig, J. (2021). Screening asylum seekers in Denmark for torture using a structured questionnaire. Torture Journal, 31(2), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v31i2.122245
Ostergaard, L. S., Wallach-Kildemoes, H., Thøgersen, M. H., Dragsted, U. B., Oxholm, A., Hartling, O., & Norredam, M. (2020). Prevalence of torture and trauma history among immigrants in primary care in Denmark: Do general practitioners ask? European Journal of Public Health, 30(6), 1163–1168. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckaa138
Pérez-Sales, P. (2017). Psychological Torture: definition, evaluation and measurement. Routledge.
Petersen, H., Morentin, B., & Pérez-Sales, P. (2022). Physical Torture. In J. A. Siegel, P. J. Saukko, & M. M. Houck (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Forensic Sciences: Second Edition. Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-823677-2.00009-X
Piwowarczyk, L., & Grodin, M. (2016). Torture and Public Health. In International Encyclopedia of Public Health (Second Edi, Vol. 6). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803678-5.00467-7
Shannon, P. J. (2014). Refugees’ advice to physicians: How to ask about mental health. Family Practice, 31(4), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/cmu017
Shannon, P. J., Vinson, G. A., Wieling, E., Cook, T., & Letts, J. (2015). Torture, War Trauma, and Mental Health Symptoms of Newly Arrived Karen Refugees. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 20(6), 577–590. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2014.965971
Shannon, P., O’Dougherty, M., & Mehta, E. (2012). Refugees ’ perspectives on barriers to communication about trauma histories in primary care. Mental Health in Family Medicine, 9, 47–55.
Sigvardsdotter, E., Nilsson, H., Malm, A., Tinghög, P., Gottvall, M., Vaez, M., & Saboonchi, F. (2017). Development and preliminary validation of refugee trauma history checklist (RTHC)-a brief checklist for survey studies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(10), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14101175
UN General Assembly. (1984). The Convention Against Torture and other forms of cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment. 10 December 1984. United Nations, Treaty Series, vol. 1465, p. 85. https://www.ohchr.org/en/professionalinterest/pages/cat.aspx
UNHR. (2022). Istanbul Protocol. Manual on the effective investigation and documentation of torture and other cruel, inhuman o degrading treatment or punishment. Office of the High Commissioner of Human Rights. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt207g8gw
Wadiwel, D. (2017). Disability and torture: exception, epistemology and ‘black sites.’ Continuum, 31(3), 388–399. https://doi.org/10.1080/10304312.2016.1275134
Weinstein, H. M., Dansky, L., & Iacopino, V. (1996). Torture and war trauma survivors in primary care practice. The Western Journal of Medicine, 165, 112–118.
Williams, A., & Amris, K. (2007). Pain from torture. Pain, 133, 5–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2007.10.001
WMA. (1975). World Medical AssociationDeclaration of Tokyo - Guidelines for Physicians Concerning Torture and other Cruel , Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment in Relation to Detention and Imprisonment (pp. 2–4).
WMA. (2013). Doctors Urged to Document Cases of Torture (pp. 1–2). http://www.wma.net/en/20activities/20humanrights/40torture/
WPA. (2017). World Psychiatric Association Declaration on Participation of Psychiatrists in Interrogation of Detainees. In Torture Journal (Vol. 27, Issue 3, pp. 94–98). World Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.7146/torture.v27i3.103980
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Torture Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
We accept that some authors (e.g. government employees in some countries) are unable to transfer copyright. The Creative Commons Licence Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) covers both the Torture Journal and the IRCT web site. The publisher will not put any limitation on the personal freedom of the author to use material contained in the paper in other works which may be published, provided that acknowledgement is made to the original place of publication.
