The Making of Wellbeing Measurement:

A (Kind of) Study Protocol

Authors

  • Venka Simovska Danish School of Education (DPU), Aarhus University
  • Catriona O'Toole Maynooth University, School of Education

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7146/ocps.v22i.125608

Keywords:

Wellbeing measurement, research protocol, theory

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a ‘study protocol’ for researching the becomings of the Danish national wellbeing survey for schools. We engage with the idea of a published research protocol that originates from positivist research paradigms and medical research in particular. Within these paradigms, protocol serves the purpose of ensuring the objectivity and replicability of the research in question, and provides a sense of security to the researcher in terms of the quality of the research design. In contrast, with ideas of transmethodology in mind, we suggest a protocol that endeavours to support researchers to engage with ambiguity, uncertainty and singularity in research while still being attentive to quality. We suggest a protocol that helps de-stabilize the concept of wellbeing in schools and looks at how wellbeing as an object of measurement is (re)configured, who the human and non-human actors involved are, and what effects their assembling produces. These questions require research practices that acknowledge the complexities of the human condition and the richness of the social and material world. Instead of suggesting a “paradigm shift”, we are inspired by Patti Lather, who argues for a proliferation of paradigms, where proliferation refers to forming a pattern of interference. In other words, proliferation calls for reflection on the inconsistencies, confusion, disorganization of the research process, and both our need and caution to position ourselves epistemologically and ontologically. The protocol we suggest deploys diverse, sometimes complementary, sometimes contrasting methods, analytical strategies or theoretical perspectives in order to explore the problem at hand and engage with the ironies, tensions and uncertainties inherent to research.

References

Adler (2017). Well-Being and Academic Achievement: Towards a New Evidence-Based Educational Paradigm. In: White, M. A., Slemp, G. R., & Murray, A. S. (Eds.) Future Directions in Well-Being. (pp. 203-208) Springer, Cham.

Aggleton, P., Dennison, C., & Warwick, I. (2010). Promoting health and wellbeing through schools. Abingdon: Routledge.

Biesta, G. (2017). No paradigms, no fashions, and no confessions – thinking methodology beyond boundaries. Unpublished talk at the Research Seminar “Transmethodology and the analyses of engaged becomings” at the Danish School of Education, Aarhus University, Copenhagen, 29 March, organized by the Research Programme “(Dis)Engaging children and young people.

Braidotti, R. (2013). The Posthuman. Cambridge: Polity.

Bücker, S., Nuraydin, S., Simonsmeier, B. A., Schneider, M., & Luhmann, M. (2018). Subjective well-being and academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Journal of Research in Personality, 74, 83-94.

Callon, M. (1986). Some elements of a sociology of translation: Domestication of the scallops and fishermen of St. Brieuc Bay. In J. Law (Ed.), Power, action, and belief: A new sociology of knowledge? (pp. 196–233). London: Routledge.

Coole, D.H. and Frost, S. (2010). Introducing the new materialisms, in Coole, D.H. and Frost, S. (eds.) New Materialisms: Ontology, Agency, and Politics, Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 1–45.

Costanza, R., Kubiszewski, I., Giovannini, E., Lovins, H., McGlade, J., Pickett, K. E., Wilkinson, R. (2014). Development: Time to leave GDP behind. Nature, 505(7483), 283-285.

Cresswell, K. M., Worth, A., & Sheikh, A. (2010). Actor-Network Theory and its role in understanding the implementation of information technology developments in healthcare. BMC medical informatics and decision making, 10(1), 67.

Danish Ministry of Education (2013). Lov om ændring af lov om folkeskolen og forskellige andre love (LOV nr 1640 af 26/12/2013 Gældende) [Reform Act for Primary and Lower Secondary School] (Law no. 1640) https://www.retsinformation.dk/Forms/R0710.aspx?id=161104

Danish Ministry of Education (2014). Anbefalinger fra ekspertgruppen om elevers trivsel i folkeskolen i relation til nationale trivselsmålinger [Recommendations of the expert group concerning students’ wellbeing in public school, related to the national wellbeing measurements]. https://www.uvm.dk/folkeskolen/laering-og-laeringsmiljoe/trivsel-og-undervisningsmiljoe/ekspertgruppen-om-elevernes-trivsel

Deleuze, G. (1992). What is a Dispositif? The anarchist library. https://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/gilles-deleuze-what-is-a-dispositif.pdf

Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F. (1988). A Thousand Plateaus. London: Athlone.

Denzin, N.K. and Lincoln, Y.S (1994). Handbook of Qualitative Research, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.

Dewar, M. D. (2016). Education and Well-Being: An Ontological Inquiry. Springer.

Ereaut, G., & Whiting, R. (2008). What do we mean by 'wellbeing' and why might it matter? London: Department for Children, Schools and Families.

Ferreira-Neto, J.L. (2018). Michael Foucault and Qualitative research in Human and Social Sciences. Forum: Qualitative Social Research, 19 (3).

Foucault, M.(1970).The order of things: an archaeology of the human sciences, New York: Vintage Books.

Foucault, (1977). The Confession of the Flesh interview. In Power/Knowledge Selected Interviews and Other Writings (ed. Colin Gordon), 1980, pp. 194–228.

Foucault, M. (1998 [1984]). Foucault. In Faubion, J.D. (ed.) Essential works of Michael Foucault, Vo. 2: Aesthetics, method, epistemology. New York: The New Press, 459-463.

Fox, N. J., & Alldred, P. (2015). New materialist social inquiry: Designs, methods and the research-assemblage. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 18(4), 399-414.

Hartong, S. (2016). Between Assessments, Digital Technologies and Big Data: The Growing Influence of ‘Hidden’ Data Mediators in Education. European Educational Research Journal 15 (5), 523–36.

Habermas, J. (1968 [1971]). Knowledge and human interests (J. J. Shapiro, Trans.). Boston: Beacon.

Juni, M. (2017). Trivsel kan blive et tyranni. [Wellbeing can become tyranny). Asterisk, nr 84, December 2017. https://dpu.au.dk/aktuelt/asterisk/vis-artikel/artikel/trivsel-kan-blive-et-tyranni-1/

Keilow, M., Holm, M., Bagger, S., & Henze-Pedersen, S. (2014). Udvikling Af Trivselsmålinger I Folkeskolen: En Pilotundersøgelse [Development of the wellbeing survey for schools: Pilot study]. Danish Centre for Social Science Research.

Koro-Ljungberg, M. (2015). Reconceptualizing qualitative research: Methodologies without methodology. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE.

Lather, P. (2001). Validity as an Incitement to Discourse: Qualitative Research and the Crisis of Legitimation. In Richardson, V. (ed), Handbook of Research on Teaching. Fourth edition. Washington DC: AERA, 241-250.

Latour, B. (1987). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Harvard: Harvard University Press.

Latour, B. (2005) Reassembling the Social. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Law, R. (1992) Notes on the theory of the actor-network: ordering, strategy and heterogeneity. Systems Practice, 5(4), 379–93.

Marx, K. (1834 [1992]). Early Writings (L. Colletti, Trans). London: Penguin Books.

McCallum, F., & Price, D. (2016). Nurturing wellbeing development in education: from little things, big things grow. Abingdon: Routledge.

Müller, M. (2015). Assemblages and Actor-networks: Rethinking Socio-material Power, Politics and Space. Geography Compass, 9/1, 27-41.

Nordin, L. L., Jourdan, D., & Simovska, V. (2019). (Re)framing school as a setting for promoting health and wellbeing: A double translation process. Critical Public Health, 29 (3), 325-336.

Nussbaum, M.C. & Sen, A. (1993). The Quality of Life. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

OECD (2017), PISA 2015 Results (Volume III):Students' Well-Being, PISA, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264273856-en

O’Toole, C. (2019). Time to teach the politics of mental health: Implications of the Power Threat Meaning Framework for teacher education. Clinical Psychology Forum 313, 15-19.

O’Toole. C. & Simovska, V. (forthcoming). Wellbeing and education: Connecting mind, body and world. In C. Fauchner, R.W. McLellan & V. Simovska. [Eds]. Wellbeing and Schooling: Cross Cultural and Cross Disciplinary Perspectives. Taylor & Francis.

Ottosen, M.H., Andersen, D., Dahl, K.M., Hansen, A.T., Lausten, M., Østergaard, S. V. (2014). Børn og unge i Danmark: velfærd og trivsel 2014. Copenhagen, [Children and young people in Denmark: welfare and wellbeing], SFI - Det Nationale Forskningscenter for Velfærd.

Potts, A. (2004). Deleuze on Viagra (or, what can a Viagra-body do?). Body & Society, 10 (1), 17–36.

Rabinow, P. & Rose, N. (2003). Foucault Today. In. Rabinow, P. & Rose, N. (eds). The essential Foucault: Selections from the essential works of Foucault, 1954-1984. New York: New Press

Ravn, K. (2018). Evaluering: Den nationale trivselsmåling måler ikke som den skal [Evaluation: The national wellbeing survey does not measure as intended]. Folkeskolen. Newspaper for teachers. https://www.folkeskolen.dk/640329/evaluering-den-nationale-trivselsmaaling-maaler-ikke-som-den-skal

Simovska, V. (2016). Wellbeing in Schools: A new transformative or tyrannical educational concept? [Video] Professor Inaugural Lecture, Danish School of Education, Aarhus University. Retrieved March 20, 2020 from http://edu.au.dk/viden/video/wellbeing-in-schools-a-new-tyrannical-og-transformative-educational-concept/

Simovska, V. Primdahl, N. & Jensen, S.A. (2020). Engaging with Normativity in Health Education Research: Inspiration from Continental Critical Theory. In: Leahy, D., Write, J. & Fitzpatrick, K. (eds) Social Theory and Health Education: Forging New Insights in Research. Routledge, 2020.

Spratt, J. (2017). Wellbeing, Equity and Education: A Critical Analysis of Policy Discourses of Wellbeing in Schools. Springer International Publishing.

Thorburn, M. (Ed.) (2018). Wellbeing, Education and Contemporary Schooling. New York: Routledge.

Tracy, S. J. (2010). Qualitative Quality: Eight “Big-Tent” Criteria for Excellent Qualitative Research. Qualitative Inquiry, 16(10), 837-851.

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2016). Education for health and well-being: Contributing to the sustainable development goals. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002464/246453e.pdf

Watson, D., Emery, C., Bayliss, P. with Boushel, M., & Mclnnes, K. (2012). Children’s social and emotional wellbeing in schools: A critical perspective. Bristol: The Policy Press.

Weare, K. (2004). Developing the Emotionally Literate School. London: Paul Chapman Publishing.

Wolgemuth, J.R. (2016). Driving the Paradigm: (Failing to Teach) Methodological Ambiguity, Fluidity, and Resistance in Qualitative Research. Qualitative Inquiry, 22(6), 518–525.

World Health Organization (2016). Growing up unequal: gender and socioeconomic differences in young people’s health and well-being: Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study: international report from the 2013/2014 survey. Geneva: WHO. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/303438/HSBC-No.7-Growing-up-unequal-Full-Report.pdf?ua=1

Wright, K. & McLeod, J. (2015). Rethinking Youth Wellbeing: Critical Perspectives. Singapore: Springer Science+Business Media.

Downloads

Published

2021-05-10

How to Cite

Simovska, V., & O’Toole, C. (2021). The Making of Wellbeing Measurement:: A (Kind of) Study Protocol. Outlines. Critical Practice Studies, 22, 170–194. https://doi.org/10.7146/ocps.v22i.125608