Venøs blodgasanalyse i akutmodtagelsen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/akut.v1i1.97249Nøgleord:
Arteriel blodgasanalyse, venøs blodgasanalyse, V-gas, VBGResumé
Baggrund
Blodgasanalyse er et vigtigt redskab i en akutmodtagelse. Flere vestlige lande som USA og Australien er idag begyndt at erstatte den traditionelle arterielle blodgasanalyse med en venøs. Dette kan nedsætte smerten vi udsætter patienterne for, og de risici en arteriepunktur medfører.
Formål
Formålet med denne statusartikel er at opsummere hvordan en venøs blodgas analyse skal fortolkes i forhold til en arteriel, og foreslå i hvilke kliniske situationer V-gas kan erstatte A-gas.
Resultater
Baseret på metaanalyser er der fundet god overensstemmelse mellem arteriel og venøs pH-værdi. For pO2 er der stor forskel på arteriel og venøs, denne kan dog ofte estimeres ud fra transkutan saturation. pCO2 er også med stor usikkerhed, dog kan en værdi i normalområdet udelukke hyperkapni. Bicarbonat og laktat i V-gas kan sige om arterielt niveau er lavt, højt eller normalt, men dog ikke forudsige den præcise værdi. Base-excess er ikke undersøgt nok, men resultaterne antyder en god overensstemmelse.
Konklusion
Venøs blodgasanalyse er en upræcis gengivelse af de arterielle forhold. V-gas kan dog i mange tilfælde erstatte arteriel blodgasanalyse, hvis den bruges fokuseret og sammen med det kliniske billede. Det er vigtigt at patientsikkerheden opretholdes, og er man i tvivl om tolkningen af en V-gas bør man supplere med en A-gas.
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Background
Blood gas analysis is an important tool in the emergency department. Several western countries e.g. the USA and Australia have started to replace the traditional arterial blood gas analysis with a venous blood gas analysis. It can lower the pain inflicted on the patient as well as the risks of an arterial puncture.
Purpose
The purpose of this status article is to summarize the interpretation of a venous blood gas analysis (V-gas) compared to an arterial blood gas analysis (A-gas) and suggest in which clinical situations V-gas can replace A-gas.
Results
Based on meta-analyses, a good compliance between the arterial and venous PH-values has been found. For pO2, there is a significant difference between the two, however, this difference can be estimated using transcutaneous saturation. pCO2 is also a fairly uncertain measurement, although, a value within normal range can exclude hypercapnia. Bicarbonate and lactate in a V-gas can show if the arterial level is low, high or normal, but it cannot predict the exact value. Base-excess has not been sufficiently investigated but results indicate good compliance.
Conclusion
Venous blood gas analysis is an imprecise translation of the arterial conditions. However, in many cases V-gas can replace an arterial blood analysis if it is used in a focused manner and in correlation with the clinical situation.
Referencer
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