Et tabt årti? Dansk klimadækning siden COP15
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/politik.v22i3.117726Nøgleord:
COP15, Mediedækning, Dansk presse, Klimadagsorden, KlimaforandringerResumé
Danish media coverage of climate change peaked in 2009 when Denmark hosted COP15. Like most other countries Denmark experienced a sharp drop in climate change reporting following the failure of COP15. It is only within recent years that Danish climate change agenda is showing signs of regaining some of its former strength. What can we learn from ten years of climate change reporting in Danish media? How is the climate crisis communicated in the public sphere? How much attention is payed to the climate change agenda and who gets to speak about the climate? The present investigation looks at ten years of Danish climate change reporting across different news media and media platforms, focusing on the development of the media’s climate change agenda and the sources that dominates climate change reporting.
Referencer
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Almlund, P. and Danielsen, O. (2016). Det Hjemløse Klima. In: Blach-Ørsten, M. and Willig, I., eds, Den fælles dagsorden og alle de andre. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.
Boykoff, M. (2019). World Newspaper Coverage of Climate Change or Global Warming, 2004-2019. Center for Science and Technology Policy Research, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Media and Climate Change Observatory Data Sets. Available at: https://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/icecaps/research/media_coverage/world/index.html [Accessed: 8 May 2019].
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Boykoff, M. and Boykoff, J. M. (2007). Climate change and journalistic norms: A case-study of US mass-media coverage. Geoforum, vol. 38(6), pp. 1190–1204.
Boykoff, M. T. (2011). Who Speaks for the Climate? Making Sense of Media Reporting on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Broersma, M. and Graham, T. (2013). Twitter as a news source: How Dutch and British newspapers used tweets in their news coverage, 2007–2011. Journalism Practice, vol. 7(4), pp. 446–464. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2013.802481
Christoff, P. (2010). Cold climate in Copenhagen: China and the United States at COP15. Environmental Politics, vol. 19(4), pp. 637–656. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2010.489718
Climate Central (2019). The 10 Hottest Global Years on Record. Climate Central. Available at: https://www.climatecentral.org/gallery/graphics/the-10-hottest-global-years-on-record [Accessed: 8 May 2019].
Cook, J. et al. (2016). Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 11(4), p. 048002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002
Danielsen, O. (2015). Klimaet på dagsordenen. Dansk klimadebat 1988-2012. Copenhagen: Multivers.
Dearing, J. W. and Rogers, E. M. (1996). Agenda-Setting. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
EC (2018) Standard Eurobarometer 90 – Autumn 2018 “Public opinion in the European Union, First results”. Brussels: European Commision, Directorate-General for Communication.
Eskjær, M. (2011). Klimaproblematikken som global fortælling. Medialisering af en senmoderne risiko. Akademisk kvarter, vol. 2, pp. 50–62.
Eskjær, M. (2014). Den danske presses klimadækning før og efter COP15. In: Sørensen, M. and Eskjær, M., eds, Klima og mennesker. Humanistiske perspektiver på klimaforandringer. København: Museum Tusculanum, pp. 145–173.
Eskjær, M. (2017). Climate Change Communication in Denmark. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia on Climate Change. Oxford: Oxford UP. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.452
Eskjær, M. and Helles, R. (2015) Kvantitativ Indholdsanalyse. Frederiksberg: Samfunds-litteratur (Kort og præcist om medier og kommunikation).
Hall, S. et al. (1978). Policing the crisis: mugging, the state, and law and order. London: Macmillan (Critical social studies).
Hallin, D. C. (1986). The ‘uncensored war’: the media and Vietnam. New York: Oxford University Press.
Horsbøl, A. (2013). Energy Transition in and by the Local Media. Nordicom Review, vol. 34(2), pp. 19-34. https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2013-0051
Horsbøl, A., Lassen, I. and Pedersen (2015). Klimaforandringer og hverdagsliv: en dis-kursanalytisk undersøgelse af lokale involveringsprocesser. University of Southern Denmark studies in history and social sciences, vol. 450. Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag.
Hulme, M. (2009). Why We Disagree About Climate Change. Understanding Controversy, Inaction and Opportunity. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Infomedia (2014). Mediernes dækning af energi og klima. En undersøgelse af de mest synlige aktører i de danske mediers dækning af Energi og Klima i 2014. Copenhagen: Infomedia.
IPCC (2007). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. Geneva: IPCC, p. 104. Available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-syr.htm.
IPCC (2014) Summary for policymakers. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, USA: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-32.
IPCC (2018). Global warming of 1.5°C. IPCC. Available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/report/sr15/ [Accessed: 4 January 2019].
Jensen, C. (2018). Ikke mere snak. Lad os handle. Politiken (23 November), p. 1.
Jørgensen, A. S., Johansen, K. and Kabel, L. (2010a). Denmark: Failed Ambitions, People’s Voices. In: Eide, E., Kunelius, R., and Kumpu, V., eds, Global climate, local journalisms: a transnational study of how media make sense of climate summits. Bochum: Projectverlag, pp. 147–164.
Jørgensen, A. S., Johansen, K. and Kabel, L. (2010b). Klimadækning mellem drama og løsning, fiasko og folkelighed. Kvantitative analyser og journalistiske observationer af mediedækning om og omkring COP 15-konferencen. Århus: Danmarks Medie og Journalisthøjskole. Available at: http://www.dmjx.dk/viden-og-innovation/artikler/klimadaekning-mellem-drama-og-konflikt-fiasko-og-folkelighed.
Lee, C.-C. et al. (2005). National Prisms of a Global “Media Event”’. In: Curran, J. and Gurevitch, M., eds, Mass Media and Society. London: Arnold, pp. 320–335.
Lester, L. (2010). Media and Environment. Cambridge: Polity.
Levin, K. et al. (2012).Overcoming the tragedy of super wicked problems: constraining our future selves to ameliorate global climate change. Policy Sciences, vol. 45(2), pp. 123–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-012-9151-0.
Lidberg, J. (2018). Australian media coverage of two pivotal climate change summits. Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa, vol. 24(1), pp. 70–86. https://doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v24i1.405
Lomborg, B. (1998), Verdens sande tilstand. 1. udg. Viby: Centrum.
Lomborg, B. (2001). The skeptical environmentalist: measuring the real state of the world. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Lomborg, B. (2007). Cool it: the skeptical environmentalist’s guide to global warming. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Lomborg, B. (2009a). Global opvarmning kan standses. Jyllands-Posten (8 July).
Lomborg, B. (2009b). Lomborg: Opvarmning en fordel for rige lande. Jyllands-Posten (21 August).
Lomborg, B. (2015). Paven har forkert løsning på det rette problem. Berlingske (27 June).
McCombs, M. E. (2004). Setting the Agenda. The Mass Media and Public Opinion. Cambridge: Polity.
McCombs, M. E. and Shaw, D. L. (1972). The Agenda-setting Function of Mass Media. Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 36(2), pp. 176–87.
McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. 6th ed. London: Sage.
Meilstrup, P. (2010). Kampen om klimaet: historien om et topmøde, der løb løbsk. Kbh.: People’s Press.
Mollerup, J. (2018). Nyt koks i klimadækning. Politiken (18 October), p. 2.
Morton, T. (2013). Hyperobjects: philosophy and ecology after the end of the world. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press (Posthumanities, vol. 27).
Morton, T. (2016). Dark ecology: for a logic of future coexistence. New York: Columbia University Press (Wellek Library lectures in critical theory).
Oreskes, N. and Conway, E. M. (2010). Merchants of doubt: how a handful of scientists obscured the truth on issues from tobacco smoke to global warming. 1st U.S. ed. New York: Bloomsbury Press.
Painter, J. and Schäfer, M. S. (2018). Global Similarities and Persistent Differences: A Survey of Comparative Studies on Climate Change Communication. In: Brevini, B. and Lewis, J., eds, Climate Change and the media. N.Y.: Peter Lang.
Rittel, H. W. J. and Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences, vol. 4(2), pp. 155–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730
Rusbridger, A. (2015). Climate change: why the Guardian is putting threat to Earth front and centre. The Guardian (6 March).
Schäfer, M. S., Ivanova, A. and Schmidt, A. (2011). Globaler Klimawandel, globale Öffentlichkeit? Medienaufmerksamkeit für den Klimawandel in 23 Ländern. Studies in Communcation and Media, vol. 1, pp. 131–148.
Schäfer, M. S. and Schlichting, I. (2014). Media Representations of Climate Change: A Meta-Analysis of the Research Field. Environmental Communication, vol. 8(2), pp. 142–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2014.914050
Skovgaard, J. and Blaxekjær, L. (2013). Global klimapolitik: Fra Bali til Paris. Tidsskrift-et Politik, vol. 16(3), pp. 7–16.
The Guardian (2015). The biggest story in the world. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/series/the-biggest-story-in-the-world [Accessed: 5 August 2019].
UNFCCC (2015). Adoption of the Paris Agreement. Paris: United Nations Convention on Climate Change.
Urry, J. (2011). Climate Change & Society. Cambridge: Polity.
WMO (2019). WMO confirms past 4 years were warmest on record. World Meterological Organization. Available at: https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/wmo-confirms-past-4-years-were-warmest-record [Accessed: 10 May 2019].
Wold, M. (2015). Vatikanet har store klimaambitioner. Børsen (22 December).
Almlund, P. (2012). Negotiating and Communicating Climate. In: Almlund, P., Jesper-sen, P. H., and Riis, S., eds, Rethinking climate change research: clean technology, culture and communication. Farnham: Ashgate, pp. 295–313.
Almlund, P. and Danielsen, O. (2016). Det Hjemløse Klima. In: Blach-Ørsten, M. and Willig, I., eds, Den fælles dagsorden og alle de andre. Copenhagen: Samfundslitteratur.
Boykoff, M. (2019). World Newspaper Coverage of Climate Change or Global Warming, 2004-2019. Center for Science and Technology Policy Research, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Media and Climate Change Observatory Data Sets. Available at: https://sciencepolicy.colorado.edu/icecaps/research/media_coverage/world/index.html [Accessed: 8 May 2019].
Boykoff, M. and Boykoff, J. M. (2004). Balance as bias: global warming and the US prestige press. Global Environmental Change, vol. 14(2), pp. 125–136.
Boykoff, M. and Boykoff, J. M. (2007). Climate change and journalistic norms: A case-study of US mass-media coverage. Geoforum, vol. 38(6), pp. 1190–1204.
Boykoff, M. T. (2011). Who Speaks for the Climate? Making Sense of Media Reporting on Climate Change. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Broersma, M. and Graham, T. (2013). Twitter as a news source: How Dutch and British newspapers used tweets in their news coverage, 2007–2011. Journalism Practice, vol. 7(4), pp. 446–464. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2013.802481
Christoff, P. (2010). Cold climate in Copenhagen: China and the United States at COP15. Environmental Politics, vol. 19(4), pp. 637–656. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2010.489718
Climate Central (2019). The 10 Hottest Global Years on Record. Climate Central. Available at: https://www.climatecentral.org/gallery/graphics/the-10-hottest-global-years-on-record [Accessed: 8 May 2019].
Cook, J. et al. (2016). Consensus on consensus: a synthesis of consensus estimates on human-caused global warming. Environmental Research Letters, vol. 11(4), p. 048002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/4/048002
Danielsen, O. (2015). Klimaet på dagsordenen. Dansk klimadebat 1988-2012. Copenhagen: Multivers.
Dearing, J. W. and Rogers, E. M. (1996). Agenda-Setting. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
EC (2018) Standard Eurobarometer 90 – Autumn 2018 “Public opinion in the European Union, First results”. Brussels: European Commision, Directorate-General for Communication.
Eskjær, M. (2011). Klimaproblematikken som global fortælling. Medialisering af en senmoderne risiko. Akademisk kvarter, vol. 2, pp. 50–62.
Eskjær, M. (2014). Den danske presses klimadækning før og efter COP15. In: Sørensen, M. and Eskjær, M., eds, Klima og mennesker. Humanistiske perspektiver på klimaforandringer. København: Museum Tusculanum, pp. 145–173.
Eskjær, M. (2017). Climate Change Communication in Denmark. In: Oxford Research Encyclopedia on Climate Change. Oxford: Oxford UP. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.452
Eskjær, M. and Helles, R. (2015) Kvantitativ Indholdsanalyse. Frederiksberg: Samfunds-litteratur (Kort og præcist om medier og kommunikation).
Hall, S. et al. (1978). Policing the crisis: mugging, the state, and law and order. London: Macmillan (Critical social studies).
Hallin, D. C. (1986). The ‘uncensored war’: the media and Vietnam. New York: Oxford University Press.
Horsbøl, A. (2013). Energy Transition in and by the Local Media. Nordicom Review, vol. 34(2), pp. 19-34. https://doi.org/10.2478/nor-2013-0051
Horsbøl, A., Lassen, I. and Pedersen (2015). Klimaforandringer og hverdagsliv: en dis-kursanalytisk undersøgelse af lokale involveringsprocesser. University of Southern Denmark studies in history and social sciences, vol. 450. Odense: Syddansk Universitetsforlag.
Hulme, M. (2009). Why We Disagree About Climate Change. Understanding Controversy, Inaction and Opportunity. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
Infomedia (2014). Mediernes dækning af energi og klima. En undersøgelse af de mest synlige aktører i de danske mediers dækning af Energi og Klima i 2014. Copenhagen: Infomedia.
IPCC (2007). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R.K and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. Geneva: IPCC, p. 104. Available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/ar4-syr.htm.
IPCC (2014) Summary for policymakers. In: Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, USA: Cambridge University Press, pp. 1-32.
IPCC (2018). Global warming of 1.5°C. IPCC. Available at: http://www.ipcc.ch/report/sr15/ [Accessed: 4 January 2019].
Jensen, C. (2018). Ikke mere snak. Lad os handle. Politiken (23 November), p. 1.
Jørgensen, A. S., Johansen, K. and Kabel, L. (2010a). Denmark: Failed Ambitions, People’s Voices. In: Eide, E., Kunelius, R., and Kumpu, V., eds, Global climate, local journalisms: a transnational study of how media make sense of climate summits. Bochum: Projectverlag, pp. 147–164.
Jørgensen, A. S., Johansen, K. and Kabel, L. (2010b). Klimadækning mellem drama og løsning, fiasko og folkelighed. Kvantitative analyser og journalistiske observationer af mediedækning om og omkring COP 15-konferencen. Århus: Danmarks Medie og Journalisthøjskole. Available at: http://www.dmjx.dk/viden-og-innovation/artikler/klimadaekning-mellem-drama-og-konflikt-fiasko-og-folkelighed.
Lee, C.-C. et al. (2005). National Prisms of a Global “Media Event”’. In: Curran, J. and Gurevitch, M., eds, Mass Media and Society. London: Arnold, pp. 320–335.
Lester, L. (2010). Media and Environment. Cambridge: Polity.
Levin, K. et al. (2012).Overcoming the tragedy of super wicked problems: constraining our future selves to ameliorate global climate change. Policy Sciences, vol. 45(2), pp. 123–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-012-9151-0.
Lidberg, J. (2018). Australian media coverage of two pivotal climate change summits. Pacific Journalism Review: Te Koakoa, vol. 24(1), pp. 70–86. https://doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v24i1.405
Lomborg, B. (1998), Verdens sande tilstand. 1. udg. Viby: Centrum.
Lomborg, B. (2001). The skeptical environmentalist: measuring the real state of the world. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Lomborg, B. (2007). Cool it: the skeptical environmentalist’s guide to global warming. New York: Alfred A. Knopf.
Lomborg, B. (2009a). Global opvarmning kan standses. Jyllands-Posten (8 July).
Lomborg, B. (2009b). Lomborg: Opvarmning en fordel for rige lande. Jyllands-Posten (21 August).
Lomborg, B. (2015). Paven har forkert løsning på det rette problem. Berlingske (27 June).
McCombs, M. E. (2004). Setting the Agenda. The Mass Media and Public Opinion. Cambridge: Polity.
McCombs, M. E. and Shaw, D. L. (1972). The Agenda-setting Function of Mass Media. Public Opinion Quarterly, vol. 36(2), pp. 176–87.
McQuail, D. (2010). McQuail’s Mass Communication Theory. 6th ed. London: Sage.
Meilstrup, P. (2010). Kampen om klimaet: historien om et topmøde, der løb løbsk. Kbh.: People’s Press.
Mollerup, J. (2018). Nyt koks i klimadækning. Politiken (18 October), p. 2.
Morton, T. (2013). Hyperobjects: philosophy and ecology after the end of the world. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press (Posthumanities, vol. 27).
Morton, T. (2016). Dark ecology: for a logic of future coexistence. New York: Columbia University Press (Wellek Library lectures in critical theory).
Oreskes, N. and Conway, E. M. (2010). Merchants of doubt: how a handful of scientists obscured the truth on issues from tobacco smoke to global warming. 1st U.S. ed. New York: Bloomsbury Press.
Painter, J. and Schäfer, M. S. (2018). Global Similarities and Persistent Differences: A Survey of Comparative Studies on Climate Change Communication. In: Brevini, B. and Lewis, J., eds, Climate Change and the media. N.Y.: Peter Lang.
Rittel, H. W. J. and Webber, M. M. (1973). Dilemmas in a general theory of planning. Policy Sciences, vol. 4(2), pp. 155–169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01405730
Rusbridger, A. (2015). Climate change: why the Guardian is putting threat to Earth front and centre. The Guardian (6 March).
Schäfer, M. S., Ivanova, A. and Schmidt, A. (2011). Globaler Klimawandel, globale Öffentlichkeit? Medienaufmerksamkeit für den Klimawandel in 23 Ländern. Studies in Communcation and Media, vol. 1, pp. 131–148.
Schäfer, M. S. and Schlichting, I. (2014). Media Representations of Climate Change: A Meta-Analysis of the Research Field. Environmental Communication, vol. 8(2), pp. 142–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2014.914050
Skovgaard, J. and Blaxekjær, L. (2013). Global klimapolitik: Fra Bali til Paris. Tidsskrift-et Politik, vol. 16(3), pp. 7–16.
The Guardian (2015). The biggest story in the world. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/series/the-biggest-story-in-the-world [Accessed: 5 August 2019].
UNFCCC (2015). Adoption of the Paris Agreement. Paris: United Nations Convention on Climate Change.
Urry, J. (2011). Climate Change & Society. Cambridge: Polity.
WMO (2019). WMO confirms past 4 years were warmest on record. World Meterological Organization. Available at: https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/wmo-confirms-past-4-years-were-warmest-record [Accessed: 10 May 2019].
Wold, M. (2015). Vatikanet har store klimaambitioner. Børsen (22 December).
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2019-12-09
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Eskjær, M. F. (2019). Et tabt årti? Dansk klimadækning siden COP15. Politik, 22(3). https://doi.org/10.7146/politik.v22i3.117726
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