The political theory of parties
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/politik.v22i2.117704Nøgleord:
Political Theory, Political parties, Partisanship, InstitutionsResumé
Political theory has for a long time paid scant attention to the topic of political parties and partisanship. In recent times, however, there has emerged a body of theoretical research that seeks to draw attention to the place of parties and partisanship in a well-functioning polity. This article offers an overview of this research, discussing approaches that focus on partisanship as an associative practice, on the one hand, and approaches that focus on the party as an institution, on the other. The article argues that, while the two approaches no doubt usefully complement each other, concentrating on partisanship at the expense of party risks paying insufficient attention to the institutional structures that ultimately connect partisans to the state and allow them to exercise power. This is problematic insofar as it is especially the party as institution whose virtues are currently called into question. Given this, the article proposes to shift the emphasis in theoretical research from partisanship-centred theories to party-centred theories.
Referencer
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Invernizzi-Accetti, C. and Wolkenstein, F. (2017). The Crisis of Party Democracy, Cognitive Mobilization, and the Case for Making Parties More Deliberative, American Political Science Review, vol. 111(1), pp. 97-109. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055416000526
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Rehfeld, A. (2009). Representation Rethought: On Trustees, Delegates, and Gyroscopes in the Study of Political Representation and Democracy. American Political Science Review, vol. 103(2), pp. 214-230. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055409090261
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Rosenblum, N. (2008). On the Side of the Angels. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rosenbluth, F.M. and Shapiro, I. (2018). Responsible Parties: Saving Democracy from Itself. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Saward, M. (2010). The Representative Claim. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Scheuerman, W.E. (2016). Civil Disobedience in the Shadows of Postnationalization and Privatization. Journal of International Political Theory, vol. 12(3), pp. 237-257. https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088215617192
Schweber, H. (2016). The Limits of Political Representation. American Political Science Review, vol. 110(2), pp. 382-396. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055416000137
Smith, G. (2009). Democratic Innovations: Designing Institutions for Citizen Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Smith, W. (2017). Civil disobedience as transnational disruption. Global Constitutionalism, vol. 6(3), pp. 477-504. https://doi.org/10.1017/s204538171700020x
Streeck, W. (2014). The Politics of Exit. New Left Review, vol. 88(July/August), pp. 121-129.
Teorell, J. (1999). A Deliberative Defence of Intra-Party Democracy. Party Politics, vol. 5(3), pp. 363-382. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068899005003006
Wolkenstein, F. (Forthcoming). Rethinking Party Reform. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wolkenstein, F. (2019a). Party Reforms and Electoral Systems: Proportional Representation is More Hospitable to Internal Democratisation. Representation. Online First. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2019.1652204.
Wolkenstein, F. (2019b). Agents of Popular Sovereignty. Political Theory, vol. 47(3), pp. 338-362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591718786232
Wolkenstein, F. (2016). A Deliberative Model of Intra-Party Democracy. Journal of Political Philosophy, vol. 24(3), pp. 297-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopp.12064
Bächtiger A., Dryzek J.S., Mansbridge, J., and Warren, M.E., eds. (2018). Oxford Handbook of Deliberative Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Berman, S. (2006). The Primacy of Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bickerton, C.J., Hodson, D., and Puetter, U. (2015). The New Intergovernmentalism: European Integration in the Post-Maastricht Era, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol. 53(4), pp. 703-722. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.12212
Biezen, I.v. and Saward, M. (2008). Democratic Theorists and Party Scholars: Why They Don’t Talk to Each Other, and Why They Should. Perspectives on Politics, vol. 6(1), pp. 21-35. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592708080043
Bonotti, M. (2017). Partisanship and Political Liberalism in Diverse Societies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Burke, E. ([1770] 1998). A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful and Other Pre-revolutionary Writings. London: Penguin Classics.
Butler, J. (2015). Notes Toward a Performative Theory of Assembly. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Carty, R.K. (2013). Are Political Parties Meant to be Internally Democratic? In: Katz, R.S. and Cross, W., eds., The Challenges of Intra-Party Democracy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199661879.003.0002
Celikates, R. (2016). Rethinking Civil Disobedience as a Practice of Contestation – Beyond the Liberal Paradigm, Constellations, vol. 23(1), pp. 37-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12216
Dean, J. (2016). Crowds and Party. London: Verso.
Ebeling, M. (2016). Epistemic Political Egalitarianism, Political Parties, and Conciliatory Democracy. Political Theory, vol. 44(5), pp. 629-656. https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591715605352
Edsall, T.B. (2019). No Hate Left Behind: Lethal partisanship is taking us into dangerous territory. The New York Times [online]. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/13/opinion/hate-politics.html?fbclid=IwAR0Mug4vv DuVFs3L7WGX5iktZEs8DCEu8QnCiMuSyy7t6vr5aindz1y3zgM [Accessed 14 April 2019].
Faucher-King, F. and Le Galès, P. (2010). The New Labour Experiment: Change and Reform Under Blair and Brown. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Gerbaudo, P. (2018). The Return of the Party. Jacobin [online]. Available at: https://www.jacobinmag.com/2018/10/mass-party-labour-podemos-neoliberalism [accessed 3 April 2019].
Hopkin, J. and Blyth, M. (2019). The Global Economics of European Populism: Growth Regimes and Party Systems Change in Europe. Government and Opposition, vol. 54(2), pp. 193-225. https://doi.org/10.1017/gov.2018.43
Ignazi, P. (2017). Party and Democracy: The Uneven Road to Party Legitimacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Invernizzi-Accetti, C. and Wolkenstein, F. (2017). The Crisis of Party Democracy, Cognitive Mobilization, and the Case for Making Parties More Deliberative, American Political Science Review, vol. 111(1), pp. 97-109. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055416000526
Jackson, B. (2013). Social Democracy. In: Freeden, M. and Stears, M., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Political Ideologies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 348-363. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0030
Kalyvas, A. (2008). Democracy and the Politics of the Extraordinary: Max Weber, Carl Schmitt and Hannah Arendt. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Katz, R. and Mair, P. (2009). The Cartel Party Thesis: A Restatement. Perspectives on Politics, vol. 7(4), pp. 753-766. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592709991782
Landis, J.L. (2018). Whither Parties? Hume on Partisanship and Political Legitimacy. American Political Science Review, vol. 112(2), pp. 219-230. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055417000545
Mair, P. (2013). Ruling the Void: The Hollowing of Western Democracy. London: Verso.
Muirhead, R. (2006). A Defence of Party Spirit. Perspectives on Politics, vol. 4(4), pp. 713-727. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1537592706060452
Muirhead, R. (2010). Can Deliberative Democracy be Partisan?, Critical Review, vol. 22(2-3), pp. 129-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/08913811.2010.508631
Muirhead, R. (2014). The Promise of Party in a Polarized Age. Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press.
Näsström, S. (2015). Democratic Representation Beyond Election. Constellations, vol. 22(1), pp. 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8675.12123
Rawls, J. (1993). Political Liberalism. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Rehfeld, A. (2009). Representation Rethought: On Trustees, Delegates, and Gyroscopes in the Study of Political Representation and Democracy. American Political Science Review, vol. 103(2), pp. 214-230. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055409090261
Rosanvallon, P. (2008). Counter-Democracy: Politics in an Age of Distrust. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rosenblum, N. (2008). On the Side of the Angels. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Rosenbluth, F.M. and Shapiro, I. (2018). Responsible Parties: Saving Democracy from Itself. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Saward, M. (2010). The Representative Claim. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Scheuerman, W.E. (2016). Civil Disobedience in the Shadows of Postnationalization and Privatization. Journal of International Political Theory, vol. 12(3), pp. 237-257. https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088215617192
Schweber, H. (2016). The Limits of Political Representation. American Political Science Review, vol. 110(2), pp. 382-396. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055416000137
Smith, G. (2009). Democratic Innovations: Designing Institutions for Citizen Participation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Smith, W. (2017). Civil disobedience as transnational disruption. Global Constitutionalism, vol. 6(3), pp. 477-504. https://doi.org/10.1017/s204538171700020x
Streeck, W. (2014). The Politics of Exit. New Left Review, vol. 88(July/August), pp. 121-129.
Teorell, J. (1999). A Deliberative Defence of Intra-Party Democracy. Party Politics, vol. 5(3), pp. 363-382. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354068899005003006
Wolkenstein, F. (Forthcoming). Rethinking Party Reform. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wolkenstein, F. (2019a). Party Reforms and Electoral Systems: Proportional Representation is More Hospitable to Internal Democratisation. Representation. Online First. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2019.1652204.
Wolkenstein, F. (2019b). Agents of Popular Sovereignty. Political Theory, vol. 47(3), pp. 338-362. https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591718786232
Wolkenstein, F. (2016). A Deliberative Model of Intra-Party Democracy. Journal of Political Philosophy, vol. 24(3), pp. 297-320. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopp.12064
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2019-12-04
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Wolkenstein, F. (2019). The political theory of parties. Politik, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.7146/politik.v22i2.117704
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