AI som intelligens og kommunikation

Et sociologisk perspektiv

Authors

  • Jesper Taekke Center For Internetforskning institut for kommunikation og kultur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7146/mk.v40i76.143459

Keywords:

Kunstig intelligens, samfundskommunikation, Luhmann, digitalisering, uddannelse

Abstract

The research question of this article is: 1) how artificial intelligence (AI) can be conceptualized, 2) participate in societal communication, and 3) thereby influence the developmental possibilities of society. Finally, the article will 4) discuss from a normative perspective how AI can be utilized within education. Ad 1, it challenges the conventional view of AI as parallel to human intelligence, instead proposing AI as a computational technology without ontology. Ad 2, drawing on Luhmann's communication theory, the article investigates AI's integration into societal communication as a participant. Ad 3, still from Luhmann, our concept of social structures, their (re)production, and the role of media therein is discussed, and three scenarios for the development of the digitalized society are presented.  Ad 4, the insights of the article are applied to the education system, which is then discussed from a democratic perspective, seeking to clarify how AI can be appropriately utilized.

References

Brügger, N. (2002). Theoretical reflections on media and media history. In N. Brügger & S. Kolstrup (Eds.), Media history, theories, methods, analysis (pp. 33–66). Aarhus Universitetsforlag.

Damsgaard, J. (2023). AI – mellem fornuft og følelse. København: Djøf Forlag.

Dijck, J. van, Poell, T., & de Waal, M. (2018). The Platform Society. New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190889760.001.0001

Dreyfus, H. L. (1972). What Computers Can't Do. New York: Harper & Row.

Durkheim, É. (1960). The Division of Labor in Society. New York: The Free Press.

Eisenstein, E. (1983). The Printing Revolution in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Esposito, E. (1999). Two-sided forms in language. In D. Baecker (Ed.), Problems of form (pp. 78–98). Stanford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503617698-007

Esposito, E. (2017). Artificial Communication? The Production of Contingency by Algorithms. In Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 46(4), 249–265.

Finnemann, N. O. (2005). Internettet i Mediehistorisk Perspektiv. Frederiksberg: Forlaget Samfundslitteratur.

Fitch, W. T. (2010). The Evolution of Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511817779

Foucault, M. (1982). The subject and power. In H. L. Dreyfus & P. Rabinow (Eds.), Michel Foucault: Beyond structuralism and hermeneutics (pp. 208–226). University of Chicago Press.

Gilens, M., & Page, B. I. (2014). Testing theories of American politics: Elites, interest groups, and average citizens. Perspectives on Politics, 12(3), 564-581. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592714001595

Habermas, J. (2023). Den nye borgerlige offentlighed. Strukturændringer og deliberativ politik. København: Samfundslitteratur.

Habermas, J. (1997). Teorien om den kommunikative handlen. Aalborg Universitetsforlag, Danmarks Lærerhøjskole.

Habermas, J. (1976). Borgerlig offentlighet – dens framvekst og forfall. København: Fremad. (Original work published 1962).

Han, B.-C. (2016). Psykopolitik. Neoliberalisme og de nye magtteknikker. Forlaget THP.

Haugland, J. (1985). Artificial Intelligence – The Very Idea. Cambridge: A Bradford Book, The MIT Press.

Heidegger, M. (1999). Spørgsmålet om teknikken – og andre skrifter. København: Gyldendal.

Heidegger, M. (2007). Væren og tid. Aarhus: Forlaget Klim.

Jackson, F. (1986). What Mary didn't know. Journal of Philosophy, 83(5), 291-295. https://doi.org/10.2307/2026143

Jensen, J. F. (1999). 'Interactivity' - Tracking a new concept in media and communication studies. In P. A. Mayer (Ed.), Computer media and communication (pp. 160-188). Oxford University Press.

Klafki, W. (2014). Dannelsesteori og didaktik – nye studier. Aarhus: Forlaget Klim.

Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Hverdagens metaforer. København: Reitzel.

Latour, B. (1990). Drawing things together. In M. Lynch & S. Woolgar (Eds.), Representation in scientific practice (pp. 19-68). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Luhmann, N. (2018). Organization and Decision. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108560672

Luhmann, N. (2012). Theory of Society (Vols. 1 & 2). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Luhmann, N. (2009). Økologisk kommunikasjon. Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk Forlag.

Luhmann, N. (2007). Indføring i systemteorien. København: Unge Pædagoger.

Luhmann, N. (2006). Samfundets uddannelsessystem. København: Hans Reitzels Forlag.

Luhmann, N. (2002). How can the mind participate in communication. In W. Rasch (Ed.), Theories of distinction: Redescribing the descriptions of modernity (pp. 169-184). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781503619340

Luhmann, N. (1995). Social Systems. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Luhmann, N. (1994). The modernity of science. New German Critique, 61, 9-23. https://doi.org/10.2307/488618

Luhmann, N. (1992a). Hvorfor “systemteori”? In J. C. Jacobsen (Ed.), Autopoiesis. En introduktion til N.L.'s verden af systemer (pp. 9-20). København: Politisk Revy.

Luhmann, N. (1992b). The form of writing. Stanford Literature Review, 9(1), 25-42.

Luhmann, N. (1990). Essays on self-reference. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.

Luhmann, N. (1977). Differentiation of society. The Canadian Journal of Sociology, 2(1), 29-53. https://doi.org/10.2307/3340510

Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. (1987). The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Boston, MA: New Science Library/Shambhala Publications.

Nagel, T. (1990). What is it like to be a bat? In Mortal questions (pp. 165-180). Cambridge University Press.

Parsons, T. (2005). The Social System. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

Paulsen, M., & Tække, J. (2022). A New Perspective on Education in the Digital Age - Teaching, Media and Bildung. London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc.

Rawolle, S., & Lingard, B. (2014). Mediatization and education: A sociological account. In K. Lundby (Ed.), Mediatization of communication (pp. 595-614). Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110272215.595

Searle, J. R. (1980). Minds, brains, and programs. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3(3), 417-424. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00005756

Suchman, L. (2023). The uncontroversial ‘thingness’ of AI. Big Data & Society, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/20539517231206794

Tække, J. (2024). Antropocæn i et medie- og socioevolutionært perspektiv. In M. Paulsen & J. Tække (Eds.), Antropocæn: Menneske, samfund og dannelse i en ny tidsalder (pp. 45-60). København: Unge Pædagoger.

Tække, J. (2022a). Materiality and autonomy – Big data in the education system. Cybernetics & Human Knowing, 29(1-2), 50-67.

Tække, J. (2022b). Algorithmic differentiation of society – A Luhmann perspective on the societal impact of digital media. Journal of Sociocybernetics, 18(1), 2-23. https://doi.org/10.26754/ojs_jos/jos.202216225

Tække, J. (2022c). Systems-theoretical observations of moral media panic debates. Kybernetes, 51(5), 1724-1737. https://doi.org/10.1108/K-11-2020-0724

Williamson, B. (2017). Big Data in Education. London: SAGE.

Winner, L. (1980). Do artifacts have politics? Daedalus, 109(1), 121-136.

Winters, J. A., & Page, B. I. (2009). Oligarchy in the United States? Perspectives on Politics, 7(4), 731-751. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592709991770

Wong, K. L. X., & Dobson, A. (2019). We’re just data: Exploring China’s social credit system in relation to digital platform ratings cultures in westernized democracies. Global Media and China, 4(2), 220-232. https://doi.org/10.1177/2059436419856090

Xu, S., & Zhu, S. (2022). From datafication to data state: Making sense of China’s social credit system and its implications. Law & Social Inquiry, 46(4), 1028-1059. https://doi.org/10.1017/lsi.2020.14

Zuboff, S. (2019). Overvågningskapitalismens tidsalder. [The Age of Surveillance Capitalism - The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power]. København: Informations Forlag.

Downloads

Published

2024-08-30

How to Cite

Taekke, J. (2024). AI som intelligens og kommunikation: Et sociologisk perspektiv. MedieKultur: Journal of Media and Communication Research, 40(76), 160–180. https://doi.org/10.7146/mk.v40i76.143459