Memories, Identity, and Indigenous/National Subjectivity in Eastern Peru
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/dl.v8i12.113618Keywords:
memory, subjectivity, nationality, ethnogenesis, Amazonia, AsháninkaAbstract
In Latin America the forging of national identities has been
problematic, especially in countries where large indigenous
populations have remained marginalized through colonial ideologies
of exclusion. This is changing, however, as processes of
globalization are reshuffling old orders and indigenous people
become active participants in new social movements of their own
making. Founded on shared experience and emergent feelings of
solidarity, a new political body is created, defined by indigeneity and
shared interests vis-à-vis the state. Based on autobiographical
narratives from Asháninka leaders in the central Amazon of Peru,
the paper looks at the memory-identity nexus and the way it is
reflexively tied to the process of forging new political subjectivity as
Asháninka and Peruvian citizens. Even if indissolubly linked with a
verifiable past, Asháninka memories are also the products of
signifying processes associated with the present, with hopes and
dreams, and with the production of meaning in the context of decolonization.
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Westview Press.
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Oklahoma Press.
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York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Turner, Terence. 1988. Ethno-Ethnohistory: Myth and History in Native South American Representations
of Contact with Western Society. Commentary in J.D. Hill (ed.), Rethinking History and Myth.
Indigenous South American Perspectives on the Past. Pp. 235-281. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
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Ediciones. (© 1968).
Veber, Hanne. 1989. Campa Cultural Identity and the Frontier of Development. Field Report submitted
to the Danish Council for Development Research & the Danish Research Council for the Humanities.
Copenhagen.
– 1991. Hvordan Gud kom til Asháninka. Adventistmissionen i peruansk Amazonas. Tidsskriftet
Antropologi 23, s. 61-87. København.
– 1996. External Inducement and Non-Westernization in the Uses of the Ashéninka Cushma. Journal of
Material Culture 1 (2): 155-182.
– 1997. Pájaros Pintados. Complementeriedad entre Hombres y Mujeres en la Visión de los Ashéninka del
Gran Pajonal. In Complementeriedad entre Hombre y Mujer. Relaciones de género desde la perspectiva
amerindia. Biblioteca Abya-Yala 43: 125-140. Quito.
– 2006. Erindringer om Ucayali – de historieløses historier. Tidsskriftet Antropologi 52:97-119.
2005/2006.
– n.d. Historias de Vida. Biographical chronicles of Indigenous Amazonian leaders. Personal
recollections and habitual modes of leadership as catalyst for change. Manuscript to be published by IWGIA,
Copenhagen in 2008.
London: Verso.
Ardener, Edwin. 1989. The ’Problem’ Revisited. In Malcolm Chapman (ed.), The Voice of Prophecy and
other essays. Pp. 127-133. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
Cheater, Angela. 1999. Power in the Postmodern Era. In Angela Cheater (ed.), The Anthropology of
Power. Pp. 1-12. ASA Monographs 36. London: Routledge.
Dreyfus, Hubert L. & Paul Rabinow. 1983. Michel Foucault. Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics.
Second Edition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Eriksen, Thomas Hyllland. 2002. Ethnicity and Nationalism. Anthropological Perspectives. Second
Edition. London: Pluto Press.
Gow, Peter. 1991. Of mixed Blood. Kinship and History in Peruvian Amazonia. Oxford: Clarendon
Press.
Halbwachs, Maurice. 1992. On Collective Memory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Hertzberg, Hazel W. 1971. The Search for an American Indian Identity. Modern Pan-Indian Movements.
Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.
Hill, Jonathan D. 1988. Introduction: Myth and History, In J.D. Hill (ed.), Rethinking History and Myth.
Indigenous South American Perspectives on the Past. Pp. 1-17. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Hill, Jonathan D., ed. 1996. History, Power, and Identity. Ethnogenesis in the Americas, 1492-1992.
Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
Hoffmann, Odile. 2002. Collective Memory and Ethnic identities in the Colombian Pacific. Journal of
Latin American Anthropology 7(2):118-138.
Hvalkof, Søren. 1998. From Slavery to Democracy: The Indigenous Process of Upper Ucayali and Gran
Pajonal.. In A. Parellada & S. Hvalkof (eds.), Liberation through Land Rights in the Peruvian Amazon.
IWGIA Document No. 90, October. Pp. 83-162. Copenhagen: IWGIA.
– 2000 Outrage in Rubber and Oil: Extractivism, Indigenous Peoples, and Justice in the Upper
Amazon. In Charles Zerner (ed.), People, Plants & Justice. The Politics of Nature Conservation. Pp. 83-
116. New York: Columbia University Press.
Hvalkof, Søren & Hanne Veber. 2005. Los Ashéninka del Gran Pajonal. In Frederica Barclay & Fernando
Santos Granero (eds.), Guía Etnográfica de la Alta Amazonia. Vol 5. Pp. 75-281. Smithsonian Tropical
Research Institute & Instituto Francés de Estudios Andinos. Lima.
Jackson, Michael. 2002. The Politics of Storytelling. Violence, Transgression and
Intersubjectivity. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.
Larrain, Jorge. 2004. Identidad y Modernidad en América Latina. Mexico City: Oceano.
Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1966. The Savage Mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. (© 1962)
Overing, Joanna & Alan Passes. 2000. Introduction. Conviviality and the opening up of Amazonian
anthropology. In J. Overing & A. Passes (eds.), The Anthropology of Love and Anger. The Aesthetics of
Conviviality in Native Amazonia. Pp. 1-30. London: Routledge.
Overing Kaplan, Joanna. 1981. Review Article. Amazonian Anthropology. Journal of Latin American
Studies 13(1):151-64.
Payne, David L. 1991. A Classification of Maipuran (Arawakan) Languages Based on Sahred Lexical
Retentions. In D.C. Derbyshire & G.K. Pullum (eds.), Handbook of Amazonian Languages. Vol. 3. Pp.
355-499. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
Payne, David L.; Judith K. Payne & Jorge Sanchez Santos. 1982. Morfología, Fonología y Fonética del
Ashéninca del Apurucayali (Campa-Arawak Preandino). Traducción al castellano Marlene Ballena Dávila.
Seria Lingüistica Peruana No. 18. Ministerio de Educación/Instituto Lingüistico de Verano. Yarinacocha,
Peru.
Pearce, Roy Harvey. 1988. Savagism and Civilization. A Study of the Indian and the American Mind.
Berkeley: University of California Press.
Prins, Gwyn. 1991. Oral History. In P. Burke (ed.), New Perspectives on Historical Writing. Pp. 114-
139. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Radstone, Susannah. 2000. Working with Memory: an introduction. In Susannah Radstone (ed.), Memory
and Methodology. Pp. 1-22. Oxford: Berg.
Rappaport, Joanne. 1998. The Politics of Memory. Native Historical Interpretationin the Colombian
Andes. Durham: Duke University Press.
Rapport, Nigel & Joanna Overing. 2000. Social and Cultural Anthropology. The Key Concepts.
London: Routledge.
Roosens, Eugeen E. 1989. Creating Ethnicity. London: Sage.
Said, Edward. 1983. Orientalism. London: Verso.
Santos-Granero, Fernando & Frederica Barclay. 1998. Selva Central: History, Economy, and Land Use in
Peruvian Amazonia. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
– 2000. Tamed Frontiers. Economy, Society, and Civil Rights in Upper Amazonia. Boulder:
Westview Press.
Sharpe, Jim. 1991. History from Below. In P. Burke (ed.), New Perspectives on Historical Writing. Pp.
24-41. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Steward, Julian H. & Alfred Métraux 1963. Tribes of the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Montana. Arawakan
Tribes. Handbook of South American Indians. Vol. 3. Pp. 535-551. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin
143. Smithsonian Institution. New York: Cooper Square Publishers.
Søndergaard, Dorte Marie. 1999. Destabilizing Discourse Analysis. Approaches to Poststructuralist
Empirical Research. Køn i den akademiske organisation, working paper no. 7. Copenhagen: Institut for
Statskundskab.
Taussig, Michael. 1993. Mimesis and Alterity. A Particular History of the Senses. New York: Routledge.
Thomas, Nicholas. 1994. Colonialism's Culture. Anthropology, Travel and Government. Cambridge: Polity
Press.
Todorov, Tzvetan. 1999. The Conquest of America. The Question of the Other. Norman. University of
Oklahoma Press.
Trouillot, Michel-Rolph. 2003. Global Transformations. Anthropology and the Modern World. New
York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Turner, Terence. 1988. Ethno-Ethnohistory: Myth and History in Native South American Representations
of Contact with Western Society. Commentary in J.D. Hill (ed.), Rethinking History and Myth.
Indigenous South American Perspectives on the Past. Pp. 235-281. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
Varese, Stefano. 1973. La Sal de los Cerros: Una aproximación al mundo Campa. Lima: Retablo de Papel,
Ediciones. (© 1968).
Veber, Hanne. 1989. Campa Cultural Identity and the Frontier of Development. Field Report submitted
to the Danish Council for Development Research & the Danish Research Council for the Humanities.
Copenhagen.
– 1991. Hvordan Gud kom til Asháninka. Adventistmissionen i peruansk Amazonas. Tidsskriftet
Antropologi 23, s. 61-87. København.
– 1996. External Inducement and Non-Westernization in the Uses of the Ashéninka Cushma. Journal of
Material Culture 1 (2): 155-182.
– 1997. Pájaros Pintados. Complementeriedad entre Hombres y Mujeres en la Visión de los Ashéninka del
Gran Pajonal. In Complementeriedad entre Hombre y Mujer. Relaciones de género desde la perspectiva
amerindia. Biblioteca Abya-Yala 43: 125-140. Quito.
– 2006. Erindringer om Ucayali – de historieløses historier. Tidsskriftet Antropologi 52:97-119.
2005/2006.
– n.d. Historias de Vida. Biographical chronicles of Indigenous Amazonian leaders. Personal
recollections and habitual modes of leadership as catalyst for change. Manuscript to be published by IWGIA,
Copenhagen in 2008.
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Published
2007-01-01
How to Cite
Veber, H. (2007). Memories, Identity, and Indigenous/National Subjectivity in Eastern Peru. Diálogos Latinoamericanos, 8(12), 23. https://doi.org/10.7146/dl.v8i12.113618
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