Transcribing Facial Gestures

Combining Jefferson with the International SignWriting Alphabet (ISWA)

Authors

  • Carolin Dix University of Innsbruck

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7146/si.v6i3.143071

Keywords:

multimodal transcription, facial gestures, ISWA, Sutton SignWriting

Abstract

Within multimodal interaction analysis, transcripts serve not only as a tool for managing the volatility of interaction and catalyzing analytic procedures, but also as an essential medium for making analytic results intersubjectively available. While there are already well-established conventions for transcribing verbal and vocal interactional resources, researchers still struggle with adequately aligning and recognizably representing visual-bodily resources. This contribution provides a practical solution for multimodal transcription, combining conventions of the Jeffersonian system with the sign inventory of the International SignWriting Alphabet (ISWA). The result is a standardized, data oriented, expandable system that relies on iconic depictions rather than on verbal descriptions of visual conduct.

References

Aaarsand, P. & Sparrman, A. (2021). Visual transcriptions as social-technical assemblages. Visual Communication. 20(2). 289-309.

Albert, S. et al. (2019). Drawing as transcription: How do graphical techniques inform interaction analysis? Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies oh Human Sociality. 2(1). https://tidsskrift.dk/socialinteraction/article/view/113145/161800 (21.04.2022)

Ayaß, R. (2015). Doing data: The status of transcripts in Conversation Analysis. Discourse Studies. 17(5). 505-528.

Bezemer, J. (2014). Multimodal transcription. A case study. In: Norris, S. et al. (Eds.), Interactions, Images, Texts. A reader in multimodality. Berlin, Boston: deGruyter. 155-169.

Bezemer, J. & Mavers, D. (2011). Multimodal transcription as academic practice. A social semiotic perspective. International Journal of Social Research Methodology. 14(3). 191-206.

Birdwhistell, R. L. (1973). Kinesics and Context: Essays on body-motion communication. Middlesex: Penguin.

Bohle, U. (2013). Approaching notation, coding, and analysis from a conversational analysis point of view. In: Müller, C. et al. (Eds.), Body – Language – Communication: An International Handbook on Multimodality in Human Interaction (HSK 38.1). Berlin u.a: deGruyter. 992-1007.

De Stefani, E. (2022). On Gestalts and their Analytical Corollaries: A Commentary to the Special Issue. Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality. 5(1). Online: https://tidsskrift.dk/socialinteraction/article/view/130875/177121 (10.05.2022).

Dix, C. (2021). Die christliche Predigt im 21. Jahrhundert: Multimodale Analyse einer Kommunikativen Gattung. Wiesbaden: Springer VS.

Dix, C. (2022). GAT 2 trifft das International SignWriting Alphabet (ISWA): Ein neues System für die Transkription von Multimodalität. In: Schwarze, C. & Grawunder, S. (Eds.), Transkription und Annotation gesprochener Sprache und multimodaler Interaktion: Konzepte, Probleme, Lösungen. Tübingen: Narr. 103-131.

Drew, P. (2017). Gail Jefferson and the development of transcription. In: Hepburn, A. & Bolden, G. (Eds.), Transcribing for social research. Los Angeles: Sage. 5-6.

Ekman, P. (1979). About brows. Emotional and conversational signals. In: Cranach, M. von, et al. (Eds.), Human ethology. Claims and limits of a new discipline. Cambridge University Press, 169-202.

Ekman, P. & Friesen, W. & Hager, J. C. (2002). Facial Action Coding System: An ebook for pdf readers. Douglas/Arizona: a Human Face.

Golato, A. (2012). German oh: Marking an Emotional Change of State. Research on Language and Social Interaction. 45(3). 245-268.

Goodwin, C. (1981). Conversational Organization. Interaction between speakers and hearers. New York (u.a.): Academic Press.

Goodwin, C. (2000): Practices of Seeing. Visual Analysis: An Ethnomethodological Approach. In: Leeuwen, T. van & Jewitt, C. (Eds.), Handbook of Visual Analysis. London: Sage. 157-182.

Goodwin, M. H. & Goodwin, C. (1986). Gesture and coparticipation in the activity of searching for a word. Semiotica. 62(1-2). 51–75.

Heath, C. et al. (2010): Video in Qualitative Research. Analysing social interaction in everyday life. Los Angeles: Sage.

Heller, V. (2021). Embodied displays of 'doing thinking'. Epistemic and interactive functions of thinking displays in children's argumentative activities. Frontiers in Psychology. 12. 1-21.

Hepburn, A. & Bolden, G. (2017). Transcribing for social research. Los Angeles (u.a.): Sage.

Hoffmann-Dilloway, E. (2018). Feeling your own (or someone else’s) face: Writing signs from the expressive viewpoint. Language and Communication. 61. 88-101.

Jefferson, G. (2004). Glossary of transcript symbols with an introduction. In: Lerner, G. H. (Ed.): Conversation Analysis. Studies from the first generation. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 13-31.

Jenkins, C. (2018). Recording and transcribing social interaction. In: Flick, U. (Ed.): The SAGE handbook of qualitative data collection. Sage. 118-130.

Kendon, A. (2004). Gestures. Visible Action as utterances.

Kennedy, A. (2013). Laban based analysis and notation of body movement. In: Müller, C. et al. (Eds.), Body – Language – Communication. An international Handbook on Multimodality and Human Interaction. (HSK 38.1). 941-958.

Knoblauch, H. & Heath, C. (2006). Die Workplace Studies. In: Rammert, W. & Schubert, C. (Eds.), Technografie. Zur Mikrosoziologie der Technik. Frankfurt, New York: Campus. 141-161.

Laurier, E. (2014). The Graphic Transcript: Poaching comic book grammar for inscribing the visual, spatial and temporal aspects of action. Geography Compass. 8(4). 235-248.

Luff, P. & Heath, C. (2015). Transcribing embodied action. In: Tannen, D. et al. (Eds.): The Handbook of Discourse Analysis. John Wiley. 367-390.

Mittelberg, I. (2007). Methodology for multimodality. One way of working with speech and gesture data. In: Gonzalez-Marquez, M. et al. (Eds..), Methods in Cognitive Linguistics. Amsterdam. Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 225-248.

Mondada, L. (2007). Commentary: Transcript variations and the indexicality of transcribing practices. Discourse Studies. 9(6). 809-821.

Mondada, L. (2017). Multimodal transcription and the challenges of representing time. In: Hepburn, A. & Bolden, G. (Eds.), Transcribing for social research. Los Angeles: Sage.

Mondada, L. (2018). Multiple Temporalities of Language and Body in Interaction. Challenges for Transcribing Multimodality. Research on Language and Social Interaction. 51(1). 85-106.

Mondada, L. (2019a). Conventions for multimodal transcription. Online: https://www.lorenzamondada.net/multimodal-transcription (10.05.2022).

Mondada, L. (2019b). Transcribing silent actions: A multimodal approach of sequence organization. Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality. 2(1). Online: https://tidsskrift.dk/socialinteraction/article/view/113150 (10.05.2022)

Parkhurst, S. & Parkhurst D. (2010). A cross-linguistic guide to SignWriting. A phonetic approach. Online: http://www.signwriting.org/archive/docs7/sw0617_Cross_Linguistic_Guide_SignWriting_Parkhurst.pdf (21.04.2022).

Rossano, F. (2013). Gaze in Conversation. In: Sidnell, J. & Stivers, T. (Eds.), The Handbook of Conversation Analysis. Oxford: Blackwell. 308-329.

Sager, S. (2001). Probleme der Transkription nonverbalen Verhalten. In: Brinker, K. et al. (Eds.), Text- und Gesprächslinguistik. Ein internationales Handbuch zeitgenössischer Forschung. (HSK 16.2). 1069-1085.

Selting, M. et al. (2009). Gesprächsanalytisches Transkriptionssystem 2 (GAT2). Gesprächsforschung – Online-Zeitschrift zur verbalen Interaktion 10, 353-390. Retrievable online: http://www.gespraechsforschung-online.de/heft2009/heft2009.html (retrieved 30th Oct. 2020).

Streeck, J. (2009). Gesturecraft: The manufacture of meaning. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins.

Stukenbrock, A. (2009). Herausforderungen der multimodalen Transkription: Methodische und theoretische Überlegungen aus der wissenschaftlichen Praxis. In: Birkner, K. & Stukenbrock, A. (Eds), Die Arbeit mit Transkripten in Fortbildung, Lehre und Forschung. Mannheim: Verlag für Gesprächsforschung. 144-169.Online abrufbar: http://www.verlag-gespraechsforschung.de/2009/birkner.html (30.10.2020).

Sutton, V. (2010). The SignWriting Alphabet. Read and Write any Sign Language in the World. ISWA Manual 2010. The SignWriting Press. http://www.movementwriting.org/symbolbank/ (30.10.2020).

Sutton, V. (1981/1982). Sutton Movement Writing and Shorthand. Dance Research Journal. 14(1 & 2). 78-85.

Wagner, J. (2020). Conversation Analysis: Transcriptions and Data. In: Chapelle, C. (Ed.), The concise encyclopedia of applied linguistics. Wiley-Blackwell. 296-303.

Waller, B. M. & Smith Pasqualini, M. (2013). Analysing facial expression using the facial action coding system (FACS). In: Müller, C. et al. (Eds.): Body – Language – Communication: An International Handbook on Multimodality in Human Interaction (HSK 38.1). Berlin u.a: deGruyter. 917-931.

Downloads

Published

2023-12-28

How to Cite

Dix, C. (2023). Transcribing Facial Gestures: Combining Jefferson with the International SignWriting Alphabet (ISWA). Social Interaction. Video-Based Studies of Human Sociality, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.7146/si.v6i3.143071