Behavioral Weight Loss Treatment for Youth Treated With Antipsychotic Medications

Abstract

Background: Youth who are being treated with antipsychotic medications are at increased risk for the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Behavioral weight loss treatments show promise for reducing obesity and diabetes risk among adults treated with these drugs, but such treatments have not previously been studied in youth. Objective: We describe a rationale for behavioral weight loss intervention for high-weight youth being treated with antipsychotic medications. We report behavioral, anthropomorphic, and metabolic findings from a case series of obese adolescents taking antipsychotic medications who participated in a short-term, family-based behavioral weight loss intervention. Methods: We adapted the Traffic Light Plan, a 16-week family-based weight loss intervention that promotes healthy energy balance using the colors of the traffic light to categorize the nutritional value of foods and the intensity of physical activity. We then added a social and ecological framework to address health behavior change in multiple social contexts. The intervention was administered to three obese adolescents with long-term antipsychotic medication exposure. The efficacy of the intervention was evaluated with a battery of anthropomorphic and metabolic assessments, including weight, body mass index percentile, whole body adiposity, liver fat content, and fasting plasma glucose and lipid levels. Participants and their parents also filled out a treatment satisfaction questionnaire after study completion. Results: Two boys and one girl, all of whom were 14 years old, participated in this study. All three participants attended all 16 sessions of the intervention and experienced beneficial changes in adiposity, fasting lipid levels, and liver fat content associated with weight stabilization or weight loss. Adolescents and their parents all reported a high level of satisfaction with the treatment. Conclusions: Family-based behavioral weight loss treatment can be feasibly delivered and is acceptable to youth taking antipsychotic medications and their families. Randomized controlled trials are needed to fully evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of these treatments for these individuals.