Framing privacy
Analysing Technology Giants’ Shaping of Privacy Discourse
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/psj.v4.153113Keywords:
discursive practices, framing, privacy, social reality, consentAbstract
This position paper argues that more attention should be accorded to analysing the discursive practices around privacy by dominant technology actors. People necessarily have different perspectives on what they want to keep private, depending on personality characteristics, who they are in which society, and where they stand in time. However, the infrastructure of the digital environment leaves little space for different perspectives, and frames privacy to suit the interests of the infrastructure provider. This paper argues for an analysis of the practices of such dominant actors as discursive practices: the communication about privacy by infrastructure providers is the social reality of privacy within their environments. The paper presents an example analysis of the discursive practices that make up Apple’s App Tracking Transparency Framework. The position it argues is that bringing discursive practices to light is necessary to envision alternative approaches that respect different perspectives on privacy.
References
Albergotti, R. (2019, November 26). Apple says recent changes to operating system improve user privacy, but some lawmakers see them as an effort to edge out its rivals. Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/11/26/apple-emphasizes-user-privacy-lawmakers-see-it-an-effort-edge-out-its-rivals/
Allen, A. L. (2000). Privacy-as-Data Control: Conceptual, Practical, and Moral Limits of the Paradigm. Connecticut Law Review, 32(3), 861–876.
Allen, A. L. (2012). What must we hide: The ethics of privacy and the ethos of disclosure. St. Thomas Law Review, 25(1), 1–18.
Altman, I. (1976). Privacy. A Conceptual Analysis. Environment and Behavior, 8(1), 7–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/001391657600800102
Autorité de la concurrence. (2023, July 25). Publicité sur applications mobiles iOS: Le rapporteur général indique avoir notifié un grief au groupe Apple. Autorité de la concurrence. https://www.autoritedelaconcurrence.fr/fr/communiques-de-presse/publicite-sur-applications-mobiles-ios-le-rapporteur-general-indique-avoir
Bennett, C. J. (2018). The European General Data Protection Regulation: An instrument for the globalization of privacy standards? Information Polity, 23(2), 239–246. https://doi.org/10.3233/IP-180002
Black, J. (2010). The Rise, Fall and Fate of Principles Based Regulation. LSE Law, Society and Economy Working Papers, 17, 26.
Bundeskartellamt. (2022, June 14). Bundeskartellamt—Homepage—Bundeskartellamt reviews Apple’s tracking rules for third-party apps. https://www.bundeskartellamt.de/SharedDocs/Meldung/EN/Pressemitteilungen/2022/14_06_2022_Apple.html
Burnson, R. (2022, September 22). Meta Sued for Skirting Apple Privacy Rules to Snoop on Users. Bloomberg.Com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-22/meta-sued-for-skirting-apple-privacy-rules-to-snoop-on-users
CNIL. (2022, December 29). Identifiant publicitaire: Sanction de 8 millions d’euros à l’encontre de APPLE DISTRIBUTION INTERNATIONAL. https://www.cnil.fr/fr/identifiant-publicitaire-sanction-de-8-millions-deuros-lencontre-de-apple-distribution-international
Cohen, J. (2013). What Privacy is For. Harvard Law Review, 126(7), 1904–1933.
Corporate Europe Observatory. (2017, October 17). Big Data is watching you. https://corporateeurope.org/en/power-lobbies/2017/10/big-data-watching-you
FT.com. (2021, October 17). Apple_s privacy changes create windfall for its own advertising business.PDF.
Germain, T. (2022, November 8). Apple Tracks You Even With Its Own Privacy Protections on, Study Says. Gizmodo. https://gizmodo.com/apple-iphone-analytics-tracking-even-when-off-app-store-1849757558
Gillespie, T. (2010). The politics of ‘platforms.’ New Media & Society, 12(3), 347–364. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444809342738
Global Stats | Statscounter. (n.d.). Mobile Operating System Market Share Worldwide. StatCounter Global Stats. Retrieved January 10, 2025, from https://gs.statcounter.com/os-market-share/mobile/
Goldman, J. (2022, December 28). Why Apple could be 2023’s most impactful advertising player. Insider Intelligence. https://www.insiderintelligence.com/content/apple-will-emerge-advertising-player-watch-2023
Greene, D., & Shilton, K. (2018). Platform privacies: Governance, collaboration, and the different meanings of “privacy” in iOS and Android development. New Media & Society, 20(4), 1640–1657.
Hardy, C., & Thomas, R. (2015). Discourse in a Material World. Journal of Management Studies, 52(5), 680–696. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12113
Hoofnagle, C. J., & Whittington, J. (2013). Free: Accounting for the Costs of the Internet’s Most Popular Price. UCLA Law Review, 61(3), 606–671.
Hook, D. (2007). Foucault, Psychology and the Analytics of Power. Palgrave Macmillan. https://lanlib.alzahra.ac.ir/multiMediaFile/2231433-4-1.pdf
Information Commissioner’s Office. (2018). Investigation into the use of data analytics in political campaigns—A report to parliament (p. 116). Information Commissioner’s Office.
Kollnig, K., Binns, R., Dewitte, P., Kleek, M. V., Wang, G., Omeiza, D., Webb, H., & Shadbolt, N. (2021). A Fait Accompli? An Empirical Study into the Absence of Consent to Third-Party Tracking in Android Apps. Proceedings of the Seventeenth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 21), 181–196.
Kollnig, K., Shuba, A., Van Kleek, M., Binns, R., & Shadbolt, N. (2022). Goodbye Tracking? Impact of iOS App Tracking Transparency and Privacy Labels. 2022 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency, 508–520. https://doi.org/10.1145/3531146.3533116
Koops, B.-J., Newell, B., Timan, T., Škorvánek, I., Chokrevski, T., & Maša, G. (2017). A Typology of Privacy. University of Pennsylvania Journal of International Law, 38(2).
Laux, J., Wachter, S., & Mittelstadt, B. (2021). Taming the few: Platform regulation, independent audits, and the risks of capture created by the DMA and DSA. Computer Law & Security Review, 43, 105613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2021.105613
Leontiadis, I., Efstratiou, C., Picone, M., & Mascolo, C. (2012). Don’t kill my ads!: Balancing privacy in an ad-supported mobile application market. Proceedings of the Twelfth Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems & Applications - HotMobile ’12, 1. https://doi.org/10.1145/2162081.2162084
Mulligan, D. K., Koopman, C., & Doty, N. (2016). Privacy is an essentially contested concept: A multi-dimensional analytic for mapping privacy. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 374(2083), 20160118. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0118
Newell, P. B. (1995). Perspectives on Privacy. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 15, 87–104.
Nissenbaum, H. (2004). Privacy as contextual integrity. Washington Law Review, 79(1), 119–158.
Orlikowski, W. J., & Scott, S. V. (2014). What Happens When Evaluation Goes Online? Exploring Apparatuses of Valuation in the Travel Sector. Organization Science, 25(3), 868–891. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2013.0877
Orlikowski, W. J., & Scott, S. V. (2015). Exploring Material-Discursive Practices. Journal of Management Studies, 52(5), 697–705. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12114
Petronio, S. (2002). Boundaries of Privacy: Dialectics of Disclosure. SUNY Press.
Pierson, J. (2021). Digital platforms as entangled infrastructures: Addressing public values and trust in messaging apps. European Journal of Communication, 36(4), 349–361. https://doi.org/10.1177/02673231211028374
Plantin, J.-C., Lagoze, C., Edwards, P. N., & Sandvig, C. (2018). Infrastructure studies meet platform studies in the age of Google and Facebook. New Media & Society, 20(1), 293–310. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816661553
Regan, P. M. (1995). Legislating Privacy: Technology, Social Values, and Public Policy. The University of North Carolina Press.
Reiman, J. H. (1995). Driving to the Panopticon: A Philosophical Exploration of the Risks to Privacy Posed by the Highway Technology of the Future. Santa Clara High Technology Law Journal, 19.
Robinson, S. C. (2017). Self-Disclosure and Managing Privacy: Implications for Interpersonal and Online Communication for Consumers and Marketers. Journal of Internet Commerce, 16(4), 385–404. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332861.2017.1402637
Roessler, B. (2018). Three dimensions of privacy. In B. Sloot & A. Groot (Eds.), The Handbook of Privacy Studies: An Interdisciplinary Introduction (pp. 137–141). Amsterdam University Press. https://doi.org/10.5117/9789462988095
Roessler, B., & Mokrosinska, D. (2013). Privacy and social interaction. Philosophy & Social Criticism, 39(8), 771–791. https://doi.org/10.1177/0191453713494968
Silverstone, R. (2005). The sociology of mediation and communication. In C. Calhoun, C. Rojek, & B. Turner (Eds.), The SAGE handbook of sociology (pp. 188–207). Sage Publications. http://www.sagepub.com/booksProdDesc.nav?prodId=Book210381
Solove, D. J. (2002). Conceptualizing Privacy. California Law Review, 90(4), 1087–1156.
Solove, D. J. (2008). Understanding privacy. Harvard University Press.
Statista. (n.d.). iOS ATT opt-in rate by app category 2022. Statista. Retrieved January 10, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1281345/apple-att-opt-in-rate-by-app-category/
Van der Sloot, B. (2015). Privacy as Personality Right: Why the ECtHR’s Focus on Ulterior Interests Might Prove Indispensable in the Age of “Big Data.” Utrecht Journal of International and European Law, 31(80), Article 80. https://doi.org/10.5334/ujiel.cp
Van Zeeland, I., & Pierson, J. (2024). Data privacy. In M. Puppis, R. Mansell, & H. Van Den Bulck (Eds.), Handbook of Media and Communication Governance (pp. 384–396). Edward Elgar Publishing.
Waldman, A. E. (2021). Habit and Performative Privacy. Social Epistemology Review and Reply Collective, 10(10), 43–50.
Westin, A. F. (1967). Privacy And Freedom. Atheneum.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ine van Zeeland

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.