Challenging the Sovereign: Three Types of Early Modern Federal Theory
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7146/politik.v19i3.27414Resumé
In this paper, I develop three ideal types of early modern federal theories: sovereignty relativizing federalism, sovereignty pooling federalism, and bottom-up federalism. Each of these types respond to a different political effect of the development of the modern state: organ sovereignty, hostile geopolitical environment, and disempowerment of the society as a corollary to organ sovereignty, respectively. Each of these types conceives of the federation as an alternative to the state. I compare and contrast these types along the lines of implementation of the federal principle of self- and shared rule, the criteria of evaluation of federal arrangements, and the normative implications.
Referencer
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Branch, J 2014, The Cartographic State: Maps, Territory, and the Origins of Sovereignty, 1. edn, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Cohen, JL 2012, Globalization and Sovereignty: Rethinking Legality, Legitimacy, and Constitutionalism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Condorcet, JAN de Caritat marquis de 1976, 'On the Principles of the Plan Presented to the Convention', in Selected Writings, edited by KM Baker, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis.
Davis, SR 1978, The Federal Principle: A Journey Through Time in Quest of Meaning, University of California Press., Berkeley
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Eulau, HHF 1941, 'Theories of Federalism under the Holy Roman Empire', The American Political Science Review vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 643–64.
Forsyth, MG 1981, Unions of States: The Theory and Practice of Confederation, Holmes & Meier Publishing, New York.
Freeman, EA 1893, History of Federal Government in Greece and Italy, edited by JB Bury, Macmillan and Co, London, New York.
Friedrich, CJ 1968, Trends of Federalism in Theory and Practice, 1, edn., Frederick A. Praeger Publishers, New York.
Hamilton, A, J Madison, J Jay 2003, The Federalist Papers, edited by Clinton Rossiter, 1. edn., Signet, New York.
Hinsley, FH 1986. Sovereignty. 2 edition. Cambridge Cambridgeshire ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hobbes, T 1996, Leviathan, edited by Richard Tuck, Revised Student Edition, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Hueglin, TO 1999 Early Modern Concepts for a Late Modern World: Althusius on Community and Federalism, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Waterloo, ON.
Jefferson, T 1999, 'To Joseph C Cabell, February 2, 1816', in T Jefferson, Jefferson: Political Writings, edited by J Oldham Appleby and T Ball, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Junius Brutus, the Celt, S 2003, Vindiciae, Contra Tyrannos: Or, Concerning the Legitimate Power of a Prince over the People, and of the People over a Prince, edited by George Garnett, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York.
Kalyvas, A 2005, 'Popular Sovereignty, Democracy, and the Constituent Power', Constellations vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 223–44.
Kalyvas A 2013, 'Constituent Power', Political Concepts, no. 3.1 (Winter), http://www.politicalconcepts.org/constituentpower/.
Lawson, G 1993, Politica Sacra et Civilis, edited by Conal Condren, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York.
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Poggi, G 1978, The Development of the Modern State: A Sociological Introduction, 1. edn., Stanford University Press, Stanford.
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Riley, P 1973, 'The Origins of Federal Theory in International Relations Ideas', Polity, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 87–121.
Riley, P 1976, 'Three 17th Century German Theorists of Federalism: Althusius, Hugo and Leibniz', Publius, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 7–41.
Rousseau, JJ 2005, 'A Lasting Peace through the Federation of Europe: Exposition and Critique of St. Pierre’s Project', in D Karmis and W Norman (red.) Theories of Federalism: A Reader, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
Ruggie, JG 1993, 'Territoriality and Beyond: Problematizing Modernity in International Relations', International Organization, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 139–74.
Schmitt, C 2006, The Nomos of the Earth in the International Law of the Jus Publicum Europaeum, translated by GL Ulmen, Telos Press Publishing, New York.
Schmitt, C 2008, Constitutional Theory, Duke University Press, Durham.
Skinner, Q 1989, 'The State', in T Ball, J Farr, and RL Hanson (red.) Political Innovation and Conceptual Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York.
Skinner, Q 2002, 'Hobbes and the Purely Artificial Person of the State', in Q Skinner, Visions of Politics, Vol. III, 1. edn., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Spruyt, H 1996, The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Stepan, A, JJ Linz, and Y Yadav 2011, Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies, 1. edn., Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Tilly, C 1985, War Making and State Making as Organized Crime', in P Evans, D Rueschemeyer, and T Skocpol (red.), Bringing the State Back In, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Vincent, A 1987, Theories of the State, 1. edn., Basil Blackwell, Oxford, New York.
Ward, L 2007, 'Montesquieu on Federalism and Anglo-Gothic Constitutionalism', Publics: The Journal of Federalism vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 551–77.
Watts, RL. 1998, 'Federalism, Federal Political Systems, and Federations', Annual Review of Political Science, vol. 1, pp. 117–37.
Wood, EM 2012, Liberty and Property: A Social History of Western Political Thought from the Renaissance to Enlightenment, 1. edn., Verso, London, New York.
Althusser, L 2007 'Montesquieu: Politics and History', in L Althusser Politics and History: Montesquieu, Rousseau, Marx, translated by Ben Brewster, Verso, London, New York.
Bodin, J 1992, On Sovereignty, edited by JH Franklin, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York.
Branch, J 2014, The Cartographic State: Maps, Territory, and the Origins of Sovereignty, 1. edn, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Cohen, JL 2012, Globalization and Sovereignty: Rethinking Legality, Legitimacy, and Constitutionalism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Condorcet, JAN de Caritat marquis de 1976, 'On the Principles of the Plan Presented to the Convention', in Selected Writings, edited by KM Baker, Bobbs-Merrill, Indianapolis.
Davis, SR 1978, The Federal Principle: A Journey Through Time in Quest of Meaning, University of California Press., Berkeley
Elazar, DJ 1987, Exploring Federalism, University Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
Elazar DJ 1995, 'Althusius’ Grand Design for a Federal Commonwealth', in J Althusius Política, Liberty Fund, Incorporated, Indianapolis.
Eulau, HHF 1941, 'Theories of Federalism under the Holy Roman Empire', The American Political Science Review vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 643–64.
Forsyth, MG 1981, Unions of States: The Theory and Practice of Confederation, Holmes & Meier Publishing, New York.
Freeman, EA 1893, History of Federal Government in Greece and Italy, edited by JB Bury, Macmillan and Co, London, New York.
Friedrich, CJ 1968, Trends of Federalism in Theory and Practice, 1, edn., Frederick A. Praeger Publishers, New York.
Hamilton, A, J Madison, J Jay 2003, The Federalist Papers, edited by Clinton Rossiter, 1. edn., Signet, New York.
Hinsley, FH 1986. Sovereignty. 2 edition. Cambridge Cambridgeshire ; New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hobbes, T 1996, Leviathan, edited by Richard Tuck, Revised Student Edition, Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.
Hueglin, TO 1999 Early Modern Concepts for a Late Modern World: Althusius on Community and Federalism, Wilfrid Laurier University Press, Waterloo, ON.
Jefferson, T 1999, 'To Joseph C Cabell, February 2, 1816', in T Jefferson, Jefferson: Political Writings, edited by J Oldham Appleby and T Ball, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Junius Brutus, the Celt, S 2003, Vindiciae, Contra Tyrannos: Or, Concerning the Legitimate Power of a Prince over the People, and of the People over a Prince, edited by George Garnett, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York.
Kalyvas, A 2005, 'Popular Sovereignty, Democracy, and the Constituent Power', Constellations vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 223–44.
Kalyvas A 2013, 'Constituent Power', Political Concepts, no. 3.1 (Winter), http://www.politicalconcepts.org/constituentpower/.
Lawson, G 1993, Politica Sacra et Civilis, edited by Conal Condren, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York.
Leibniz, GW 1988a, 'Caesarinus Fürstenerius (De Suprematu Principium Germaniae)', in GW Leibniz, Leibniz: Political Writings, edited by Patrick Riley, 2. edn., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York.
Leibniz, GW 1988b, 'Codex Iuris Gentium (Prefatio)', in Leibniz: Political Writings, 2. edn., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York.
Leibniz, GW 1988c, 'Observations on the Abbé de St Pierre’s “Project for Perpetual Peace”', in Leibniz: Political Writings, edited by Patrick Riley, 2. edn., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York.
Montesquieu, C de 1989, Montesquieu: The Spirit of the Laws, edited by AM Cohler, BC Miller, and HS Stone, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York.
Mosher, MA 2000, 'Monarchy’s Paradox: Honor in the Face of Sovereign Power', in DW Carrithers, MA Mosher, and PA Rahe (red.) Montesquieu’s Science of Politics: Essays on The Spirit of Laws, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, Md.
Nijman, J 2005 'Leibniz’s Theory of Relative Sovereignty and International Legal Personality: Justice and Stability or the Last Great Defense of the Holy Roman Empire', IILJ Working Paper 2004/2. History and Theory of International Law Series, Institute
for International Law and Justice, New York University School of Law, New York, http://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1560742.
Philpott, D 1995, 'Sovereignty: An Introduction and Brief History', Journal of International Affairs 48 (2): 353–68.
Poggi, G 1978, The Development of the Modern State: A Sociological Introduction, 1. edn., Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Pufendorf, S 1729, Of the Law of Nature and Nations, Walthoe, London.
Pufendorf, S 2007, The Present State of Germany, Liberty Fund, Incorporated, Indianapolis.
Riley, P 1973, 'The Origins of Federal Theory in International Relations Ideas', Polity, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 87–121.
Riley, P 1976, 'Three 17th Century German Theorists of Federalism: Althusius, Hugo and Leibniz', Publius, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 7–41.
Rousseau, JJ 2005, 'A Lasting Peace through the Federation of Europe: Exposition and Critique of St. Pierre’s Project', in D Karmis and W Norman (red.) Theories of Federalism: A Reader, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
Ruggie, JG 1993, 'Territoriality and Beyond: Problematizing Modernity in International Relations', International Organization, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 139–74.
Schmitt, C 2006, The Nomos of the Earth in the International Law of the Jus Publicum Europaeum, translated by GL Ulmen, Telos Press Publishing, New York.
Schmitt, C 2008, Constitutional Theory, Duke University Press, Durham.
Skinner, Q 1989, 'The State', in T Ball, J Farr, and RL Hanson (red.) Political Innovation and Conceptual Change, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, New York.
Skinner, Q 2002, 'Hobbes and the Purely Artificial Person of the State', in Q Skinner, Visions of Politics, Vol. III, 1. edn., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Spruyt, H 1996, The Sovereign State and Its Competitors: An Analysis of Systems Change, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Stepan, A, JJ Linz, and Y Yadav 2011, Crafting State-Nations: India and Other Multinational Democracies, 1. edn., Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore.
Tilly, C 1985, War Making and State Making as Organized Crime', in P Evans, D Rueschemeyer, and T Skocpol (red.), Bringing the State Back In, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Vincent, A 1987, Theories of the State, 1. edn., Basil Blackwell, Oxford, New York.
Ward, L 2007, 'Montesquieu on Federalism and Anglo-Gothic Constitutionalism', Publics: The Journal of Federalism vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 551–77.
Watts, RL. 1998, 'Federalism, Federal Political Systems, and Federations', Annual Review of Political Science, vol. 1, pp. 117–37.
Wood, EM 2012, Liberty and Property: A Social History of Western Political Thought from the Renaissance to Enlightenment, 1. edn., Verso, London, New York.
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2016-09-01
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Smolenski, J. (2016). Challenging the Sovereign: Three Types of Early Modern Federal Theory. Politik, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.7146/politik.v19i3.27414
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