Dynamics and age structure of wintering Mute Swans Cygnus olor in south-eastern Poland
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper deals with number and distribution o  Mute Swans during four consecutive autumn-winter seasons (October-March 1985-1989) in south-eastern Poland The number of wintering Mute Swans is still increasing. In 1989, 2,497swans were recorded, about 13% of all Mute Swans wintering in Poland. Two important winter haunts are described which contain about 80% of all swans. They differ in the pattern of arrival and percentage of young birds. The urban winter sites have more young birds than the rural ones. The duration of stay at the urban winter site is also much shorter. The percentage o f young birds in south-eastern Poland is similar to that in Great Britain and Sweden but it is distinctly lower than values reported in USA and southern USSR. Most swans come to these winter haunts from other parts of Poland but birdsfrom East Germany, Czechoslovakia and Denmark were also noted. Percentage of Polish morph is very low (1-3%), similar to the rest of Poland.
.
Article Details
Articles in Wildfowl volumes 1-74 and in Wildfowl Special Issues 1-7 are not licensed under Creative Commons. In these volumes, all rights are reserved to the authors of the articles respectively.
The Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust (which published the journal from 1948–2020 inclusive) retains a royalty-free license in perpetuity to access and use pre-2021 issues for the purposes of research, which may involve sharing with research partners from time to time.
The copyright for this paper belongs to the Author(s). Papers published in Wildfowl 75 (in 2025) and subsequent issues are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
In the articles published in these volumes, all rights are reserved to the authors of the articles respectively. This implies that readers can download, read, and link to the articles, but they cannot republish the articles. Authors can upload their articles into an institutional repository.