Forskning i musikintervention

- smertebehandling i forbindelse med operation

Forfattere

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7146/tdm.v9i1.159200

Nøgleord:

Musikterapi, Smertebehandling, Forskning, Effektundersøgelser, Cochrane reviews, Metaanalyser

Resumé

For patienter i somatisk behandling kan musikinterventioner i form af henholdsvis Musikmedicin og Musikterapi have en gavnlig virkning. Musikmedicin refererer til anvendelsen af musik – typisk særligt udvalgt indspillet musik – i forbindelse med medicinsk og kirurgisk behandling og administreret af sundhedsfagligt personale. Musikterapi i somatik involverer en uddannet musikterapeut,
der udvælger og sammensætter musik og ofte arbejder direkte med patienten, i et tæt samarbejde med det øvrige personale. Relationen mellem patient og musikterapeut er en væsentlig faktor i musikterapi, både før og efter operationen.
I forhold til smertebehandling viser forskningen, at begge interventionsformer er effektive, men musikterapeutiske interventioner er generelt mere effektive end musikmedicinske interventioner. I forbindelse med operationer, hvor musikterapi ikke er mulig, viser de undersøgelser, som vedrører musikmedicinske interventioner dog signifikant positiv effekt på patienternes smerteoplevelse. Cochrane reviews dokumenterer, at musikinterventioner kan reducere intensiteten af smerteoplevelsen, og at brugen af smertestillende medicin (fx morfin) kan reduceres med op til 50%, når patienter lytter til musik, sammenlignet med patienter, som får standardbehandling uden musik. 
Selvom større kvantitative undersøgelser kun dokumenterer lille generel effekt af musikinterventioner i forbindelse med operation, kan brugen af musik have stor betydning for den enkelte patients oplevelse af smerte og af indlæggelsesforløbet. Musikinterventioner kan bl.a. hjælpe patienter med at håndtere smerte, ubehag og evt. angst forbundet med de fremmede omgivelser. Ved operationer, hvor patienten er ved bevidsthed, kan musiklytning hjælpe denne til at rette opmærksomheden mod noget andet end smerten og/eller de mekaniske lyde, der ofte optræder ved operationen og som i sig selv kan fremkalde angst eller forstærke oplevelsen af smerte.

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Publiceret

2012-05-15

Citation/Eksport

Schou, K., & Bonde, L. O. (2012). Forskning i musikintervention: - smertebehandling i forbindelse med operation. Tidsskriftet Dansk Musikterapi, 9(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.7146/tdm.v9i1.159200