Nonverbal Reasoning in Preschool Children: Investigating the Putative Risk of Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as a Mediator

Authors

  • Duneesha De Alwis
  • Mini Tandon Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
  • Rebecca Tillman
  • Joan Luby

Keywords:

Secondhand smoking, cognition, preschoolers, nicotine, nonverbal reasoning ability

Abstract

Background: Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) has been found to be associated with cognitive deficits in children. However, relatively little is known about the relationship between SHS exposure, cognitive deficits, and smoking-related psychopathology, specifically attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and externalizing disorders such as conduct disorder (CD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in preschool children. Methods: Children (n = 54) between the ages of 4 and 6 years from a comprehensive, longitudinal study of preschool emotional development were included in this study. Each child’s primary caregiver completed questionnaires and interviews related to childhood psychopathology. SHS exposure was estimated with the use of saliva cotinine values. Results: After adjustment for sociodemographic factors (e.g., age, gender, an income-to-needs ratio) and for ADHD, CD, and ODD symptoms, exposure to SHS was found to be negatively associated with preschool children’s nonverbal reasoning skills. Exposure to SHS continued to be negatively associated with nonverbal reasoning skills after adjustment for maternal education, maternal smoking during pregnancy, and maternal reports of exposure to SHS during pregnancy in separate models. Conclusions: Children who grow up in an environment with adults who smoke are vulnerable to several social and environmental risk factors. The findings of this study suggest that exposure to SHS during early childhood should also be considered as a potential variable in the risk trajectory and as a marker of other associated risks when formulating public health intervention and prevention strategies.

Author Biography

Mini Tandon, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Child Psychiatrist and Director, Preschool Clinic-Barnes Jewish Christian (BJC)-Behavioral Health

Assistant Professor, Washington University School of Medicine and St.Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri

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Published

2015-07-14

How to Cite

De Alwis, D., Tandon, M., Tillman, R., & Luby, J. (2015). Nonverbal Reasoning in Preschool Children: Investigating the Putative Risk of Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder as a Mediator. Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 3(2), 115–125. Retrieved from https://tidsskrift.dk/sjcapp/article/view/20090

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Section

Articles