Negotiating the boundaries of news reporting: Journalists’ strategies to access and report political information in China

Authors

  • Xianwen Kuang School of Film and Television Arts Xi’an Jiaotong – Liverpool University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v33i62.22508

Keywords:

Beat reporting, China, journalist–politician relations, journalistic practices, news reporting boundary, political journalism

Abstract

As Chinese politicians hold the power to control the dissemination of political information, beat journalists must guard their relationship with the authorities to expand the boundaries of news reporting; that is, to gain more access to political information and report more sensitive news. What remains a puzzle is how beat journalists can possibly expand these boundaries. Data from participatory observation and in-depth interviews with journalists reveal that in order to gain more access to political information, they not only serve as political advocates but also seize the opportunity to act as watchdogs. To report more sensitive news without being sanctioned or denounced by the authorities, they coordinate with peers both within and outside the news organization.

Author Biography

Xianwen Kuang, School of Film and Television Arts Xi’an Jiaotong – Liverpool University

Xianwen Kuang (Guangzhou, 1980) has been employed at the Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool University (XJTLU) as Lecturer in Journalism since August, 2014. He received a PhD degree in Journalism from University of Southern Denmark (SDU) in April, 2014 and a MSc in Asian Studies from Lund University in June 2010.

His main research interests include Journalism, Political Communication, and Contentious Politics in China. He has published research works on collective action in China and on the political control over news production in China.

Xianwen Kuang has lived and worked in China, Sweden, Kenya, Denmark and the Netherlands as professional journalist and researcher. He has also taught Bachelor and MSc courses in Journalism, Media and Communication at both SDU and XJTLU.

References

References Bartels, L.M. (1996). Politicians and the Press: Who Leads, Who Follows?, Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association. San Francisco, September 1996. Bennett, I. (2010). Media Censorship in China, Council on Foreign Relations, Oct 15, 2012. http://www.cfr.org/china/media-censorship-china/p11515. Bennett, W.L. (2003). News: The Politics of Illusion (5th edition). Addison Wesley, New York: Longman. Blumler, J.G. and M. Gurevitch (1995). The Crisis of Public Communication. London and New York: Routledge. Brady, A.-M. (2008). Marketing Dictatorship: Propaganda and Thought Work in Contemporary China. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. Brants, K., C. de Vreese, J. Möller and P. van Praag (2010). The Real Spiral of Cynicism? Symbiosis and Mistrust between Politicians and Journalists, The International Journal of Press/Politics 15(1): 25–40. Bryman, A. (2008). Social Research Methods, 3rd Edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Davis, A. (2000). Public Relations, News Production and Changing Patterns of Source Access in the British National Media, Media, Culture & Society, 22: 39–59. Davis, A. (2009). Journalist–Source Relations, Mediated Reflexivity and the Politics of Politics, Journalism Studies 10(2): 204–219. Eriksson, G. and J. Östman (2013). Cooperative or Adversarial? Journalists’ Enactment of the Watchdog Function in Political News Production, The International Journal of Press/Politics 18(3): 304–324. Gans, H.J. (1979). Deciding What’s News. New York: Pantheon Books. Gans, H.J. (2003). Democracy and the News. New York: Oxford University Press. Gassaway, B.M. (1988). Are Secret Sources in the News Media Really Necessary?, Newspaper Research Journal 9(3): 69–77. Habermas, J. (2006). Political Communication in Media Society: Does Democracy Still Enjoy an Epistemic Dimension? The Impact of Normative Theory on Empirical Research, Communication Theory 16: 411–426. Hao, X., Y. Huang and K. Zhang (1998). Free Market vs. Political Control in China: Convenience or Contradiction? Media Development 1: 35–8. He, Q. (2008). The Fog of Censorship: Media Control in China. New York: Human Rights in China. Kuang, X. (2012). Self-Caging or Playing with the Edge? News Selection Autonomy in Authoritarian China, Paper presented at the ICA 2012 Annual Conference (Phoenix, AZ. May 24–28, 2012), International Communication Association, Washington, DC. Larsson, L. (2002). Journalists and Politicians: A Relationship Requiring Manoeuvring Space, Journalism Studies 3(1): 21–33. Lu, Y. (2005). Quanli yu Xinwen Shengchan Guocheng (Power and the News Production Process), 21 Shiji Pinglun (21st Century Review), 45(12): 18-26. McManus, J.H. (1994) Market Driven Journalism. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Pan, Z. (2000). Improvising Reform Activities: The Changing Reality of Journalistic Practice in China, in C.-C. Lee (ed) Power, Money and Media: Communication Patterns and Bureaucratic Control in Cultural China, pp. 68–111. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. Reese, S.D. (2001). Understanding the Global Journalist: A Hierarchy-of-Influences Approach, Journalism Studies 2(2): 173–187. Reich, Z. (2006). The Process Model of News Initiative: Sources Lead First, Reporters Thereafter, Journalism Studies 7(4): 497–514. Shoemaker, P.J. and S.D. Reese (1996) Mediating the Message: Theories of Influences on Mass Media Content, 2nd Edition. White Plains, NY: Longman. Sigal, L.V. (1973). Reporters and Officials: The Organization and Politics of Newsmaking. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath. Strömbäck, J. and L.W. Nord (2006). Do Politicians Lead the Tango? A Study of the Relationship between Swedish Journalists and Their Political Sources in the Context of Election Campaigns, European Journal of Communication 21(2): 147–164. Tong, J. (2007). Guerrilla Tactics of Investigative Journalists in China, Journalism: Theory, Practice, and Criticism 8(5): 530–535. Weaver, D.H. (1998). The Global Journalist: News People around the World. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press. Winfield, B.H. and Z. Peng (2005). ‘Market or Party Controls? Chinese Media in Transition’, Gazette 67(3): 255–270. Wu, G. (2000). One Head, Many Mouths: Diversifying Press Structure in Reform China, in C.-C. Lee (ed) Power, Money, and Media: Communication Patterns and Bureaucratic Control in Cultural China. Evanston: Northwestern University Press. Zhang, Z. (2008). Xinwen Shengchan yu Shehui Kongzhi de Zhangli Chengxian: Dui Nanfang Dushibao Shendu Baodao de Ge’an Fenxi (The Tensions between News Production and Social Control: A Case Study of Southern Metropolitan Daily’s In-depth Reporting), Xinwen yu Chuanbo Pinglun (Journalism and Communication Review), Wuhan University Press, 12: 165–173. Zhao, Y. (2000). ‘Watchdogs on Party Leashes? Contexts and Implications of Investigative Journalism in Post-Deng China’, Journalism Studies 1(4): 577–597.

Downloads

Published

2017-06-09

How to Cite

Kuang, X. (2017). Negotiating the boundaries of news reporting: Journalists’ strategies to access and report political information in China. MedieKultur: Journal of Media and Communication Research, 33(62), 17 p. https://doi.org/10.7146/mediekultur.v33i62.22508