“ In Other Words , ... ” : A Corpus-based Study of Reformulation in Judicial Discourse

THEMATIC SECTION Approaches to Language and the Law

the lines of legal linguistics, suggests a concept of reference and native languages. It would lead to a reduction in the translation load in Brussels and Luxembourg. But fi rst and foremost, it would be able to improve the linguistic quality of legal documents (e.g., directives, regulations) and therefore also their application to legal practice (e.g. legal certainty, comprehensibility of legal texts). At the same time, the model respects the dignity of each EU Member State in the form of its language.

Anne Wagner
The Muslim Veil in France: Between Power and Silence, between Visibility and Invisibility (nine PILs chosen from the British online PIL bank, www.medicines.org.uk) is analysed using Foucauldian (1972) discourse analysis: specifi cally, this involves identifying the functions of the statements that constitute the discourses. A discourse analysis of the corpus of PILs reveals that the discourse of risk revolves around statements of the potential harm that may be caused by taking the medication, whilst trust is constructed through three discourses: the discourses that relate to competence and care, in accordance with the trust theories of Poortinga/Pidgeon (2003) and Earle (2010), and a third discourse, corporate accountability, which functions to construct an ethical (trustworthy) identity for the company. This paper contributes to PIL literature in the following ways: it introduces a methodology that has not been used before in relation to these texts, namely, Foucauldian discourse analysis; it helps to identify the presence of trust-generating discourses in PILs; and analysing the discourses of risk and trust at statement-level facilitates a better understanding of how these discourses function in texts that are generally not well-received by the patients for whom they are intended.

Henrik Køhler Simonsen User Consultation Behaviour in Internet Dictionaries: An Eye-Tracking Study Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore and discuss user consultation behaviour on the basis of eye-tracking data and interview data. To date the focus has been almost exclusively on the use of log fi les in Internet lexicography -an approach which is questioned in this article. The paper is based on empirical data from an exploratory eyetracking study of the user consultation behaviour of six participants and on interview data from a follow-up post-study interview of the participants. The paper elucidates and discusses the consultation behaviour in Internet lexicography and shows not only at what the participants looked, but also how they accessed lexicographic data. The paper presents a suitable method for using eye-tracking studies in Internet lexicography and advocates an increased use of this method to produce empirical data upon which additional theoretical considerations on the information and data access process can be developed. Finally, the implications for further research in user consultation behaviour are briefl y explored.

The Multilingual Parallel Corpus of LSP Texts, TK-NHH -A Corpusbased Case Study about the Explicitation Hypothesis in Legal Translations into German and English Abstract
The present study is a case study about the explicitation hypothesis in legal translations into German and English by means of a corpus-based approach and will present preliminary fi ndings. After the introduction, I fi rst describe the National Translator Accreditation Exam (statsautorisert translatøreksamen) in Norway from which the texts for the TK-NHH translation corpus are chosen. Next I describe the aim of the case study which is to investigate the explicitation hypothesis by means of the TK-NHH translation corpus. In the method section, I discuss briefl y the infl uence and applicability of corpus linguistics on translation studies. Finally, in the case study, I investigate both German and English legal translations in the TK-NHH translation corpus with regard to one specifi c feature that is claimed to be universal: explicitation. In this case study, I have chosen the explicitation of proper names of culture-specifi c legal institutions (e.g. courts). The results in both languages show a variety of explicitation together with no explicitation and thus seem to substantiate earlier fi ndings, but now with regard to translation solutions from Norwegian.

Ildikó Fata Chancen und Perspektiven eines neuen Wörterbuchtyps: Das zweisprachige Lernerwörterbuch für Fachsprachen Abstract
The purpose of the present paper is twofold: on the one hand it aims to outline a new type of dictionaries, the LSP dictionary for learners, and distinguish it from other dictionary types; on the other hand the study presents the multifunctional information structure of this type of dictionary through the example of two dictionaries.
First the paper examines some formerly suggested names of the new type of dictionary in three languages (Hungarian/German/English). Then the author proposes a new name (chapter 2.1.), this is followed (chapter 2.2.) by the analysis of the more specifi c literature on the requirements against multifunctional and user-friendly LSP dictionaries for learners (see Fuertes-Olivera (2005), Tarp (2005, and Fata (2009a)). Finally the author distinguishes this type of dictionaries from other dictionary types and gives a defi nition (chapter 2.3.). Since the study is based on the fi ndings of the modern Danish functional lexicographic theory, the paper applies its concepts: in the fi nal section of the theoretical part of the paper the author describes the possible types of users of LSP dictionaries for learners, the potential types of user situations (chapter 2.4.) and the potencial dictionary functions (chapter 2.5.).
In the practical part of the study the author presents the macro-, micro-and hyperstructures chosen in relation to the given special subject fi eld and LSP in order to make working with learners' dictionaries easy and enjoyable for the primary target group of the dictionaries: for those who study LSP in a foreign language.