Classica et Mediaevalia

Classica et Mediaevalia https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia   en-US Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: <ol> <li>Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</a> that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.</li> <li>Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.</li> <li>Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (see <a href="http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html">The Effect of Open Access</a>).</li> </ol> heine@hum.ku.dk (Thomas Heine Nielsen) cath@natmus.dk (Christian Ammitzbøll Thomsen) Thu, 17 Jul 2025 07:26:34 +0200 OJS 3.3.0.13 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Frontmatter https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158341 Frontmatter Andreas Serafim, Rafał Toczko Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158341 Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200 Foreword https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158142 This special issue contains papers from a series of seminars on invective organized by Rafał Toczko and Andreas Serafim as part of a large scale project on invective carried out at Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland. Andreas Serafim, Rafał Toczko Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158142 Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200 Detecting Invective in Herodotos’s Histories https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158338 Invective is rather unwieldy and elastic for analysis. Greek and Roman insult poetry and oratory constitute recognizable invective – extended personal attack. Herodotos first exhibits it in prose. His invectives, relatively primitive, exist in two forms: character speech and author text. The historian presents an historical person denigrating an adversary and his position for an adjudicating presider or presiding body (triangulation). For example, the debate between Demaratos and Achaimenes after Thermopylai. Otherwise, the historian presents his own views that contravene previous traditions, contemporary (oral) authorities, or specific publics. He thus critiques Hekataios, theorist-geographers, Ionians’ views of Lade, Alkmaionid treason at Marathon, and most post-war Hellenes refuting Athenian liberationist claims. Invective essentials in poetry and contemporary oratory influenced Herodotos’s composition, since he resided in Athens, central for developments in Aegean speech-making. Herodotos features invective situations: political status and rivalrous decision-making (characters) and defects of other historians and publics (author text). Donald Lateiner Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158338 Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200 Invective in Greek Tragedy https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158143 This paper assesses the impact of invective in extant Greek tragedy, including its effects on the emotional status of both the speaker and the recipient, as well as on plot development. After presenting definitions of invective in general and in tragedy in particular, case studies of the use of various types of invective in Euripides’ Andromache and in twelve other tragedies are analyzed. The intention behind the invective is shown to be to belittle, shame, or otherwise harm the target of the invective. The factors affecting the emotional impact of this invective are discussed giving examples from extant tragedies of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. After this exploration of invective scenes in tragedy their roles are considered. The invective scenes are shown to enhance the audience experience of the tragedies by heightening plot tension, while also intensifying sympathy with those powerless characters who suffer verbal abuse and therefore contributing to the experience of catharsis. Hanna M. Roisman Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158143 Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200 Verbal Irony as Invective in Aristophanes https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158144 This paper offers a first approach to verbal irony in Aristophanes’ comedies as a linguistic resource of humour and invective. The purpose is twofold: firstly, to examine irony markers in order to explain their use in context and, secondly, to identify patterns of comic invective in passages in which verbal irony comes into play. Raquel Fornieles Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158144 Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200 Boundaries and Limitations https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158121 This paper examines two forms of constraint that affect each other in the corpus of surviving speeches of Attic forensic oratory: the legal boundaries between speeches, i.e. those delivered in public and private cases, and what limitations these impose on an orator’s ability to use features and forms of invective. Andreas Serafim Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158121 Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200 Demosthenes and the Language of Invective https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158145 This article compares the vocabulary of invective used by Demosthenes with that used by other orators. Demosthenes had a reputation in antiquity for using very abusive language and a study of his speeches shows that he often uses words or expressions either not used by other orators or used only sparingly. Demosthenes also employs exclamations with the names of gods and aggressive addresses to opponents more frequently than other orators. The final part of the essay examines the personality of Demosthenes to explain why his invective is more harsh than other orators’. Edward M. Harris Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158145 Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200 Hybris in Demosthenes’ Against Conon https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158339 The speech Against Conon from the corpus Demosthenicum addresses the dispute between Ariston and Conon due to physical aggression by Conon’s son against Ariston, which has the contours of hybris, a term that appears in more than half of the sections. Despite the recurrence, the legal action is not a graphe hybreos, but a dike aikeias. This paper aims to analyse the role of hybris in the speech to characterize exacerbated violence, such that father and son are considered unfit for political life. The violence is physical, since Ariston is bedridden after the attack and symbolic, through the imitation of the rooster crowing over his beaten and naked body. Hybris is also associated with youth and wealth, topics presented by Aristotle in Rhetoric as a means of stirring up pathos and depicting ethos. Priscilla Gontijo Leite Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158339 Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200 All Roads Lead to Psogos https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158276 This paper aims to explore different rhetorical and literary strategies used by fourth century AD authors when composing invectives. Particular attention will be paid to the approach taken by these authors based on how they engaged with the people they intended to chastise: explicitly, implicitly, or by manipulating the notion of εἰκός. Alberto J. Quiroga Puertas Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158276 Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200 List of contributors https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158302 List of contributors Andreas Serafim Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ https://tidsskrift.dk/classicaetmediaevalia/article/view/158302 Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0200