Arkæologi i Slesvig-Archäologie in Schleswig

Grænser i landskabet - Sten- og jorddiger

Tenna R. Kristensen — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

The stone and earth banks belong to
a category
of archaeological evidence,
which can contribute to our understanding
of the cultural landscape. Often,
however, they do not receive the
attention they deserve. They are spread
across the agricultural landscape like a
fine mesh and may provide information
about agricultural systems, administrative
borders, and previous land ownership.
Most of the stone and earth banks
were erected during the reorganisation
of
the villages’ lands towards the end of the
18th century but may also be older.
Museum
Sønderjylland has worked with the
stone and earth banks for many years to
preserve this category of evidence – increasingly
so, they are in danger of disappearing
completely due to modern intensive
agricultural cultivation methods.
Studies in five areas of eastern Denmark
have shown that 70 % of the banks shown
on maps from 1884 had disappeared in
1981 (Bang 2009, 6). In this way, important
pieces have been lost to the understanding
of the cultural landscape. The
purpose of this article is to draw attention
to the fact that the still preserved
banks in many cases are the last and only
visible evidence of abandoned farms, villages
and older field and cultivation systems.
The purpose is also to investigate
the extent to which the banks appearing
on historical maps can be found in the
archaeological excavations.

Zwei "Ziegelwracks" in der Kieler Aussenförde?

Philipp Grassel — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

In 2015 and 2016, two unknown wrecks –
the MALIK and the 2-Anker Wrack – were
found in the Kiel Fjord. Both sites were
investigated by short surveys during 2015,
2016, and 2018. The large
amount of bricks
covering the wrecks is characteristic of
both sites.
This article gives an overview of past
and current research on the wrecks. Additionally,
an initial interpretation of the
context of the wrecks is suggested including
a possible research project. From the
author's point of view, both wrecks were
once most likely small wooden sailing
ships for commercial purposes; such vessels
were very common on the coasts of the
Baltic Sea and the North Sea.
Due to the lack of usable archaeological
data, a detailed dating of the wrecks is not
yet possible. Comparative analyses of the
anchors and the visible, structural parts of
the wrecks roughly date wrecks to the period
between the 1830s and the first half of
the 20th century.

Bjerndrup - et skattefund med bebyggelse fra vikingetiden

Søren Brøgger, Anders Hartvig — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

In the early part of 2018, three metal detectorists
discovered several Viking Age
silver coins on a field near the village of
Bjerndrup in the southeastern part of Jutland,
Denmark. Local archaeologists were
contacted and in cooperation with the
landowner they were able to excavate the
area during two campaigns in 2018 and
2019 – excavations in which the original
finders took part with their metal detectors.
The excavations revealed 224 pieces
of silver: 150 coins or fragments of coins,
fourteen silver ingots and sixty pieces
of hack silver. The coins were Kufic, Anglo-
Saxon, Frankish, and Danish, from the
emporia Ribe and Hedeby. The date of the
younger coins suggests that the hoard was
buried not long after 910 AD.
The removal of the topsoil revealed
a longhouse, three smaller buildings
and nineteen sunken-feature-buildings
(SFBs). The longhouse was 14C-dated to
c. 945 – 993 AD, while some of the other
buildings appear to be a bit older. The SFBs
contained spindle whorls and loom weights
indicating textile production. One SFB
stood out as it contained e. g. glass beads, a
miniature silver sword, and a Thor’s hammer
amulet.
The combination of coins and especially
the presence of coins from both Hedeby and
Ribe sheds new light on early Danish coinage
and trading between Ribe and Hedeby.

Damhus-skatten - en foreløbig præsentation af en Ribeudmøntning fra tidlig 800-årene

Claus Feveile — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

The article presents the main results of the
analysis of the hoard from Damhus. The
hoard
consists of 262 coins exclusively. It was
found during a metal detecting campaign
just outside Ribe, southwestern Jutland, and
subsequently excavated during the autumn
of 2018. Only two types of coins were represented
in the hoard; both types belong
to Malmer’s so-called combination group 4
(KG 4). The vast majority of the coins, i. e. 258,
belong to the type face/forward-looking deer,
while the last four coins belong to the type
ship/forward-looking deer.
An analysis of the dies used on the hoard’s
coins as well as the already known c. fourteen
coins showed that thirty-six dies were used
for the reverse design and fifty-seven for the
obverse design. Presumably, hundreds of
thousands of these coins were struck over a
long period of time, allowing minor variations
of the main type to evolve.
It is particularly surprising that the type
ship/forward-looking deer appears to have
been a halvpenning (halfpence).
The coins are seen as an immediate continuation
of the frequently found type Wodan/
Monster sceattas, which were minted by the
king until the beginning of the 9th century in
Ribe and possibly also in the other large emporia
of the 8th century, i. e. Åhus in Scania
and Groß Strömkendorff in Mecklenburg.

Kosel, neue Informationen zu einem altbekannten wikingerzeitlichen Bestattungsort

Valerie Elena Palmowski — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

between
the landscapes of Angeln and
Schwansen. In the Viking Age it was part
of the border region between the Saxonian
and the Slavic cultures in the South and
the Scandinavian culture in the North. In
the context of a project supported by the
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, ›Frühgeschichtliche
und mittelalterliche Besiedlung
von Angeln und Schwansen‹, two Viking
Age settlements (9th/10th century) and
a burial site (c. 930 – 975 AD) have been
excavated between 1983 and 1993.
In 2019, the author carried out the first
analysis of the highly fragmented human
skeletal remains from the burial site of Kosel-
Ost for her dissertation project within
the SFB 1070 RessourcenKulturen, project
B 06. The following article summarises
the first results: in Kosel-Ost both men
and women, as well as children and adults
were buried. Based on the archaeological
record few child burials had been identified
but could now be complemented with
additional cases. An evaluation and contextual
classification of individual burials,
based solely on the archaeological data, is
complex for Kosel-Ost. The consideration
of singular aspects, such as the presence or
absence of burial mounds, is not sufficient,
to approach the complex burial reality. A
bioarchaeological approach that combines
archaeological and osteological data offers
new perspectives.
An assessment of dental pathologies revealed
that varying dietary habits regarding
carbohydrate enriched foods possibly
existed. This was demonstrated by the occurrence of dental caries which is limited to and significantly correlates with individuals buried under burial mounds. Furthermore, differences in burial customs were re-evaluated on the basis of the osteological results.

Die nordfriesischen Inseln im 8. Jahrhundert.

Bente Sven Majchczack, Tina Wunderlich, Dennis Wilken — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

During the recent years, the North Sea Harbour
Project investigated Early Medieval settlement
sites (7th – 11th century) on the North
Frisian Island of Föhr (Germany). The extensive
fieldwork combined geophysical and
geoarchaeological surveys as well as archaeological
excavations to uncover the harbour
locations as well as the settlement sites. The
paper presents results from the harbour and
trading sites of Goting and Witsum. The sites
are located in small inlets along the edge of
the high pleistocene cores of the islands with
access to the low marshlands, beaches or tidal
creeks. The geoarchaeological surveys show
a clear maritime impact and navigability of
the waterways, providing natural harbours
for the settlements. The nearby ring fortress
Borgsumburg housed a military elite and
provided security and control for the trading
sites. The prospections and excavations revealed
a distinctive settlement pattern dominated
by pit houses with traces of craft activities
such as glass and amber working and a
large-scale textile production. Remains from
smithing workshops prove the construction
or repair of boats. Numerous finds of imported
goods from the core Frisian area, the
Frankish empire, and Scandinavia indicate a
strong connection to the cross-regional trade
routes along the North Sea coasts. Especially
the analysis of glass objects shows that the
North Frisian Islands were strongly embedded
in the North Sea trade networks of the
8th and 9th centuries with connections towards
the Rhineland as well as the important
emporium of Ribe (South Denmark).

Beboelse i landskabet - en analyse af bebyggelsernes placering i landskabet fra jernalder til middelalder i området omrking Eltang Vig

Casper Marienlund — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

This paper examines the location of the
excavated farms and settlements in the
landscape surrounding the tunnel valley
of Eltang Vig from the Iron Age to the
Middle Ages.
The main bulk of the archaeological
evidence comes from several campaigns
at the archaeological sites of Banggård
II, Eltang, and Marielyst from 2014
to 2019, and their connection to older
excavated sites.
The landscape in this area was affected
significantly during the ice age. The
terrain changes rapidly, and the landscape
is characterised by high hills and
tunnel valleys, closely connected to The
Little Belt. The large, investigated area
of approximately 123 ha offers a great
opportunity to study the archaeological
area and to focus on the location of the
buildings in the landscape on a greater
scale. Although large parts of the landscape
have not been archaeologically examined,
the survey indicates that some
areas were more densely populated than
others during different periods of time,
which could indicate that the role of the
landscape and the use of it changed over
time, due to aspects such as local agriculture,
trade, and security.

Jernalderofringer fra Stavsager Høj ved Fæsted - en foreløbig præsentation af deponeringer og kontekster

Lars Grundvad — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

In the winter of 2017/2018, a team of
amateur
archaeologists discovered a
previously unknown site which contained
several weapon deposits roughly
dating to the period AD 150 – 550.
Based on the data they had collected it
was possible to narrow down four concentrations,
of which three consisted
mainly
of various types of weapons.
Museum Sønderskov has since excavated
these three sites with financial support
from the Danish Department of
Castles and Culture
The results are exciting. Not only
has it been possible to excavate and rescue
the weapon deposits from ploughing
activities,
it has also been possible
to establish
that a multi-phased
well-founded longhouse was used for
multiple depositions which actually
consisted of more than just weapons.
Equally interesting were three larger
dark culture layers where especially
one revealed the remains of an intense
destruction of copper alloy artifacts
such as belt fittings, brooches, parts of
drinking horns etc.
This paper is a preliminary presentation
of the results of the surveys
which have been conducted at this
newly found site. Furthermore, it is a
presentation of the theory that these
deposits are part of the pre-Christian
rituals carried out in a region that today
is named after the god Frey. A series of
depositions where the gold hoard »The
Fæsted Hoard« from the 10th century is
the so far youngest.

Das "Nydamboot" im Museum: Inwertsetzungen und Präsentationen im Wandel der Zeit

Tobias Schade — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

value, however, is not inherent but culturally
constructed and is closely related to
practices of valorisation. These objects, and
also the past itself, may become socio-cultural
›resources‹ (according to the definition
of the Collaborative Research Centre
SFB 1070 ResourceCultures). As such
they have meanings for museums, societies,
and social groups.
These meanings can also become evident
in the way the objects are presented
in museums, in the changing presentations
through time, and in the way they
are received.
The focus of this article is the process
of musealisation and on exhibition studies
using the example of the ›Nydamboot‹ exhibited
in Schleswig (Germany).
Based on various sources from archives
and newspapers as well as interviews with
experts, this contribution discusses how
the archaeological find in the bog became
the present exhibit ›Nydamboot‹, and how
meanings related to the boat changed
through time and became apparent in
its exhibitions in Flensburg, Kiel, and
Schleswig:
the ›Nydamboot‹ is not only
an archaeological
object or an exhibit, it is
also a historical witness, a creator of identity,
and a symbol.

Mellem angler og jyder ved Kassø

Per Ethelberg — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

After 150 km of trial trenches and two years
of excavations, we can now begin to see
the contours of the settlement pattern in
the Roman Iron Age at Kassø. Three main
phases may be recognised in the habitation
each dominated by different types of houses
as well as different burial
customs. Taken
together, they present a significantly more
nuanced picture than we might otherwise
recognise when our studies are based on
small-scale excavations only covering a minor
part of the whole.

Ønlev-kvinden - en højstatus kvindegrav med et kirurgisk redskab fra yngre romersk jernalder (225-250 e.Kr.)

Katrine Moberg Riis, Annette Frölich — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

During 2017 – 2019, the Museum Sønderjylland
– Arkæologi excavated a site (31.710 m2)
located at Kassø (Rødekro) in advance of building
activities. A female grave, which promised
to be quite interesting due to her grave goods,
was found here. The deceased was buried with
grave goods consisting of pottery, glass and
amber beads, copper alloy brooches, a silver
brooch, a knife in a special scabbard, and an
artefact which is interpreted as a surgical instrument.
Analyses and comparisons of grave
goods indicate the social status of the female,
probably also of her origin, as well as the date
of the grave to C1 b (225 – 250 AD). The surgical
instrument is analysed, interpreted, and
discussed in detail. It is argued that the Ønlev-
grave is the only known Iron Age grave,
found outside the Roman Empire, which we
may assume to be the grave of a physician dating
to the period 225 – 250 AD.

En rig kvindegrav med hesteudstyr - nye resultater fra Tombølgård

Mads Leen Jensen — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

In 2018, the Museum Sønderjylland carried
out an excavation of the cemetery
site of Tombølgård on the island of Als,
southern Jutland, which has been partly
destroyed by modern ploughing. The
cemetery site dates to the Early Roman
Iron Age, B 1 and B 2. The site is known
from a small excavation of a single urn
in 1932, and from metal detector finds
found between 2016 and 2018. During
the excavation in 2018, the last four cremation
graves, of which two were intact,
were excavated. This article presents the
grave goods from one of these two cremation
graves. It included a gold berlock
pendant, a Roman saucepan, a bridle, and
horse headgear. The bridle and headgear
belong to the earliest Germanic types,
and parallels may be drawn to the Rhine
area and the auxiliary cavalry units posted
there during the Roman expansion of
the area up to the Elbe.

Fragmenter af et håndværk: Ten- og vævevægte fra førromersk jernalder i Jylland

Line Lerke, Christine Søvsø Hjorth-Jørgensen — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

Until now, spindle whorls and loom
weights from the Pre-Roman and Early
Roman Iron Age in Denmark have never
been studied systematically, leaving an unexploited
potential of insights into Early
Iron Age textile craft. These spinning and
weaving tools were finally documented
and investigated during our bachelor project
and master’s thesis at the University
of Copenhagen in 2015 and 2017. The geographical
focus was set on Jutland with its
many settlements and burial sites from the
periods in question. The projects resulted
in various conclusions, among others that
the use of the warp-weighted loom is reserved
for the few, as indicated by a small
number of loom-weights, which also coincides
with the weaving technological
testimonies of the many well-preserved
textiles. Based on the work of e. g. Centre
for Textile Research, this article lines
out how to make analytical use of a loomweight.
The spindle whorls appear in much
higher numbers, representing a wide range
of spinning potentials. The primary type
of spindle-whorl is disc-shaped and manufactured
from re-used potsherds, which
have been rounded and pierced from both
sides. We have tested these widely debated
clay objects in a spinning test, which
proved to determine that uneven sherds
with skew piercings may very well be used
as spindle whorls and do not have a negative
effect on the outcome of the thread.
The focus on these humble artefacts has
integrated the textile tools in a conceptual
framework stretching across manufacture
and function, which is widening the
understanding of textile craft in the Early
Iron Age.

Knoglerne fra Kassø

Almut Fichte — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

The excavations in Kassø in 2017 – 2018
covered 51.4 ha land. Among the excavations
were the remains of two barely visible
Bronze Age burial mounds as well as an early
Roman Iron Age cremation burial site with
an adjoining, contemporary settlement.
Several of the individuals buried at the
cremation cemetery site seem to be young
to middle aged men; there are no clearly
identified women and only few children, including
one infant. The individuals carried
a few pathological markers, some of them
showing signs of arthritis, some possible
genetic dental pathology, one individual
showed signs of malnutrition in childhood,
and another showed possible signs of a rich
carbohydrate diet. Many of the graves also
contained animal bones, almost exclusively
of sheep/goat and mostly just a single lower
leg. Furthermore, most of the represented
grave goods are knives and parts of the belt,
whereas four to five graves contained parts
of weapons and shields.
The six graves from the Bronze Age
mounds have not yielded as much information
as the Early Roman Iron Age cremation
burial site. Most individuals were merely
identified as adults, and none could be sexed.
Nor did they show signs of pathology. However,
two of the graves contained more than
one person. Grave goods were only found in
graves dating to the Early Bronze Age and
comprised mostly adornments such as arm
and neck rings and tutuli.

Tekstilproduktion i dansk bronzealder

Louise Felding, Lilian Matthes, Vianna Tastesen — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

So far, the archaeological research gives a
good overview of the woolen textiles of the
Early Bronze Age, especially the finds from
the oak coffin burials. There are, however,
still questions to ask about the production
and manufacturing of wool, and how
this can be seen in the material culture.
Objects connected to textile production
from settlement contexts in Denmark are
still very sparse, loom weights and spindle
whorls are not many to list. Of course, the
conservation conditions and the missing
knowledge of the material may explain
the absence of such finds. However,
a
re-assessment
of the objects from different
Early Bronze Age settlements from
Museum Sønderjylland actually shows
that the textile production seems to have
been more common than suggested until
now – at least locally.

Treskibede bulvægshuse og deres vestdanske udbredelse.

Martin Egelund Poulsen — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

During the Nordic Bronze Age Period II
and early Period III, 1500–1200 BC, South
Scandinavia experienced an increase in
the construction of barrows and longhouses.
Their number, dimensions and the
resources involved in their construction
had a dramatic effect on the landscape.
On the sandy plains of western, central
and southern Jutland, longhouses were
particularly large, robust structures. Their
walls were constructed using the bole-wall
technique that involved sturdy vertical
posts and horisontal planks in between – a
building tradition that demanded a large
quantity of oak timber. On the young moraine
landscapes of eastern Jutland and
the Danish Isles, houses were built using
a more ephemeral wall construction tradition,
that often leaves little or no archaeological
traces. But what did this regional
variation reflect? Why are the large timber-
consuming longhouses common in the
old glacial landscapes of western Denmark,
while they are missing in the central and
eastern parts of South Scandinavia? This
can hardly be explained simply as a result
of resource availability. Pollen analyses
from barrows, bogs and lakes in the western
parts of Jutland have clearly shown
evidence for a more open grass and heath
landscape, whereas the heavy moraine
soils of eastern Jutland and the eastern
Danish Islands seemed to have been much
more forested. One could ask if house construction
in the western parts of Denmark
was actually dependent on timber resources
from central and eastern South Scandinavia.
The bole-walled longhouses are
particularly characteristic to the southern
part of Jutland during the Early Bronze Age
and their distribution corresponds to that
of the largest Early Bronze Age barrows
with their iron pans and rich burials. There
seems
to be an intentional act of conspicuous
consumption in the construction
of both monumental longhouses and barrows
in the south-western part of Denmark
during the Early Bronze Age.

Die Europäische Route der Megalithkultur in Schleswig-Holstein - Ergebnisse eines archäologischen Vermittlungsprojektes zwischen denkmalbasierter Forschung und Kulturtourismus

Tue, 26 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0200

Resumeet er fjernet.

Tidsrummet for Hamborgkulturens bosættelse ved Jelssøerne kommenteret gennem forsøg på flintsammensætning

Jesper Borre Pedersen — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

As the Weichselian glaciation came to
an end, the Fennoscandian ice sheet retreated
and left behind young moraine
landscapes, today referred to as southern
Scandinavia. During this so-called Last
Glacial-Interglacial Transition humans
began to colonise the recently de-glaciated
area with the earliest colonisation
attempt taking place during the Bølling/
Meiendorf chronozone (G I-1e). These
pioneer settlers of the region brought
with them a lithic repertoire of the
Hamburgian Havelte tradition and are
in Denmark known from sites separated
into two somewhat delineated occupation
areas, one of which is in southern
Jutland at the Jels Lakes. The sites within
this settlement pocket are similar in
several
aspects, and interpretations of
these sites making out one concurrent
occupation have previously been proposed,
yet rarely followed up upon. In
this paper the question of contemporaneity
between the two sites is revisited.
With relevance to the rhythms of settlement
or, indeed, of contemporaneity,
within the Hamburgian micro-region
at Jels, first attempts at refitting lithic
material from these sites have been conducted.
Impressions are here presented
and future perspectives assessed.

Lufotoarkæologi i Slesvig

Esben Schlosser Mauritsen — Thu, 16 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0200

In 2018, the aerial archaeological project
Fortiden set fra Himlen ended. It marks
the culmination of thirteen years of active
aerial reconnaissance in the region of Slesvig.
A brief history of the aerial archaeological
actors and activities in Slesvig is presented.
Many important sites have been
detected, especially by St. Joseph and Stig
Jensen. Their work has resulted in important
excavations in e. g. Dankirke, Vilslev,
and Råhede. In 2005, there was a renewed
interest in the aerial archaeology in Slesvig
and the author initiated two projects:
one focused on investigating the Iron Age
defensive earthworks of Olgerdiget and
Æ Vold, and the other project focused
on finding settlement sites dating to the
Viking Age. In 2009, these projects were
followed by Fortiden set fra Himlen, which
carried out surveying in Slesvig and the
North Frisian islands in particular. Altogether,
130 sites were detected in Slesvig
between 2005 and 2018. Roughly half
of them can be dated to a specific period
ranging from early Iron Age to historic
times. The highest intensity of finds was
made on the island of Föhr with no less
than 156 hectares of cropmarks. It is hard
to predict when aerial reconnaissance will
be resumed in Slesvig. Nonetheless, new
tools such as LiDAR scans, orthophotos,
and drones ensure that aerial archaeology
will keep playing a role in the future.